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1106 Perkins diesel - Basic Parts and components
The eight major mechanical components of the basic 1106 Perkins diesel
engine are the following parts: Cylinder block, Cylinder head, Pistons,
Connecting rods, Crankshaft, Vibration damper, Timing gear case and
gears, Camshaft.
Cylinder Block and Cylinder Head
The cast iron cylinder block for the 1106 Perkins diesel has 6 cylinders
which are arranged in-line. The cylinder block is made of cast iron in
order to provide support for the full length of the cylinder bores. Worn
cylinders may be rebored in order to accommodate oversize pistons and
rings.
The cylinder block has seven main bearings which support the
crankshaft. Thrust washers are installed on both sides of number six
main bearing in order to control the end play of the crankshaft.
Passages supply the lubrication for the crankshaft bearings. These
passages are cast into the cylinder block.
The cylinders are honed to a specially controlled finish in order to
ensure long life and low oil consumption. The cylinder block has a bush
that is installed for the front camshaft journal. The other camshaft
journals run directly in the cylinder block. The engine has a cooling
jet that is installed in the cylinder block for each cylinder.
The
piston cooling jet sprays lubricating oil onto the inner surface of the
piston in order to cool the piston. A multi-layered steel (MLS) cylinder
head gasket is used between the engine block and the cylinder head in
order to seal combustion gases, water, and oil.
Cylinder head
1106D Perkins motor has a cast iron cylinder head. The inlet manifold is
integral within the cylinder head. There are two inlet valves and two
exhaust valve for each cylinder. Each pair of valves are connected by a
valve bridge that is controlled by a pushrod valve system.
The ports for the inlet valves are on the left side of the cylinder
head. The ports for the exhaust valves are on the right side of the
cylinder head. The valve stems move in valve guides that are machined
into the cylinder head. There is a renewable valve stem seal that fits
over the top of the valve guide.
Pistons, Rings and Connecting rods
The pistons have a Quiescent combustion chamber in the top of the piston
in order to provide an efficient mix of fuel and air. The piston pin is
off-center in order to reduce the noise level. The pistons have two
compression rings and an oil control ring. The groove for the top ring
has a hard metal insert in order to reduce wear of the groove. The
piston skirt has a coating of graphite in order to reduce the risk of
seizure when the engine is new.
The correct piston height is important in order to ensure that the
piston does not contact the cylinder head. The correct piston height
also ensures the efficient combustion of fuel which is necessary in
order to conform to requirements for emissions. The connecting rods are
machined from forged molybdenum steel.
The connecting rods have bearing caps that are fracture split. The
bearing caps on fracture split connecting rods are retained with screws.
Connecting rods with bearing caps that are fracture split have the
following characteristics: The splitting produces an accurately matched
surface on each side of the fracture for improved strength.
Crankshaft
The crankshaft of 1106 Perkins diesel is a chromium molybdenum forging.
The crankshaft has seven main journals. Thrust washers are installed on
both sides of number six main bearing in order to control the end play
of the crankshaft. The crankshaft changes the linear energy of the
pistons and connecting rods into rotary torque in order to power
external equipment. A gear at the front of the crankshaft drives the
timing gears.
The crankshaft gear turns the idler gear which then turns the following
gears: Camshaft gear, Fuel injection pump and fuel transfer pump, Lower
idler gear which turns the gear of the lubricating oil pump. Lip type
seals are used on both the front of the crankshaft and the rear of the
crankshaft. A timing ring is installed to the crankshaft. The timing
ring is used by the ECM in order to measure the engine speed and the
engine position.
Vibration Damper
The force from combustion in the cylinders will cause the crankshaft to
twist. This is called torsional vibration. If the vibration is too
great, the crankshaft will be damaged. The vibration damper is filled
with viscous fluid in order to limit the torsional vibration.
Gears and Timing Gear Case
The crankshaft oil seal is mounted in the aluminum timing case. The
timing case cover is made from pressed steel. The timing gears are made
of steel. The crankshaft gear drives an upper idler gear and a lower
idler gear. The upper idler gear drives the camshaft and the fuel
injection pump. The lower idler gear drives the oil pump. The water pump
drive gear is driven by the fuel injection pump gear. The camshaft and
the fuel injection pump rotate at half the engine speed.
Camshaft
The 1106 Perkins diesel motor has a single camshaft. The camshaft is
made of cast iron. The camshaft lobes arechill hardened. The camshaft is
driven at the front end. As the camshaft turns, the camshaft lobes move
the valve system components. The valve system components move the
cylinder valves.
The camshaft gear must be timed to the crankshaft gear. The relationship
between the lobes and the camshaft gear causes the valves in each
cylinder to open at the correct time. The relationship between the lobes
and the camshaft gear also causes the valves in each cylinder to close
at the correct time.
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