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Shibaura LEM853 Engine

The Shibaura LEM853 is a heavy-duty, vertical, straight-three (3-cylinder), naturally aspirated diesel engine designed primarily for agricultural and compact utility applications. It is well known for powering the Ford 1900 tractor (built between 1979 and 1983) and the Shibaura SE3040 tractor. Engineered for high durability and thermal efficiency, this engine features an indirect injection system combined with integrated glow plugs to ensure reliable cold-weather starting. The overall design emphasizes a compact structural footprint, robust low-end torque delivery, and straightforward mechanical maintenance under demanding operational profiles.

The cylinder head assembly incorporates a traditional overhead valve (OHV) mechanism driven by a gear-driven camshaft. The engine features a total of 6 valves (2 valves per cylinder: 1 intake and 1 exhaust). Valves are actuated via pushrods and rocker arms, layout configured to optimize volumetric efficiency and gas exchange within the compact combustion chambers. Cylinder Bore: 85.0 mm (3.35 in). Piston Stroke: 84.0 mm (3.31 in). Total Displacement: 1.429 L (87.2 cubic inches). Compression Ratio: 21.0:1.

Fuel delivery utilizes an indirect injection (IDI) mechanical layout. Fuel is drawn from the supply tank through a water separator and fuel filter assembly by a mechanical lift pump. It is then delivered to an in-line mechanical injection pump. The injection pump meters and pressurizes the fuel, sending it through high-pressure steel lines to the injectors. Fuel is atomized directly into pre-combustion chambers rather than the main cylinder cavity. Glow plugs are positioned within these pre-chambers to pre-heat the localized air-fuel charge for assisted ignition during low-ambient-temperature startups.

The engine uses a full-pressure lubrication circuit powered by a trochoid-type oil pump driven directly off the crankshaft gear train. Oil is drawn through an internal pickup screen in the oil pan, routed through a spin-on full-flow filtration element, and delivered to the main oil galleries. Pressurized oil feeds the main bearings, connecting rod journals, camshaft bearings, and overhead rocker assembly. A spring-loaded pressure relief valve regulates internal line pressure.

Engine thermal regulation is managed via a liquid-cooled, forced-circulation system. A belt-driven centrifugal water pump circulates coolant through the internal water jackets surrounding the cylinder bores and cylinder head passages. The loop includes a pellet-type thermostat to manage engine warming cycles by restricting or redirecting flow to a high-capacity cross-flow radiator. Airflow across the radiator core is assisted by an engine-driven cooling fan.

General Technical Data

Engine Specifications

Engine Model ............... Shibaura LEM853
Engine Type ............... 4-cycle inline 3-cylinder indirect injection liquid-cooled diesel
Number of Cylinders ............... 3
Cylinder Arrangement ............... In-line
Engine Bore, in (mm) ............... 3.35 (85.0)
Engine Stroke, in (mm) ............... 3.31 (84.0)
Displacement, cu.in (L) ............... 87.2 (1.429)
Rated Engine Power, hp (kW) ............... 24.0-30.5 (17.9-22.4)
Rated Engine Speed, rpm ............... 2500-2800
Peak Torque ............... 60.5 lb-ft (82.0 Nm) at 1800 rpm
Idle Speed ............... 700-800 rpm
Aspiration Type ............... Naturally Aspirated
Operating Speed ............... 1400-2800 rpm
Compression Ratio ............... 21.0:1-21.1:1
Firing Order ............... 1-2-3
Combustion System ............... Indirect injection
Cylinder Block Type ............... Cast iron
Cylinder Head Type ............... Cast iron
Lubrication System ............... Forced pressure lubrication by gear pump
Oil Pump Type ............... Trochoid gear type
Oil Filter Type ............... Full-flow cartridge, spin-on type
Cooling System ............... Liquid-cooled with forced circulation
Water Pump Type ............... Centrifugal belt-driven type
Air Cleaner Type ............... Oil bath type filtration unit
Starting System ............... Electric starter motor
Electrical System ............... 12V

Fuel System

Injection Pump Type ............... Bosch type in-line plunger pump
Injection Timing ............... 18.0-20.0 deg BTDC
Injection Pressure, psi (bar) ............... 1990-2130 (137-147)
Fuel Filter Type ............... Spin-on element cartridge with water separator
Fuel Feed Pump Type ............... Mechanical diaphragm type pump
Fuel Transfer Pressure, psi (bar) ............... 2.9-4.3 (0.2-0.3)
Fuel Return Line Type ............... Low-pressure rubber overflow hose
Injector Nozzle Type ............... Throttle type multi-hole spray
Governor Type ............... Mechanical centrifugal all-speed control governor
Fuel Consumption, lb/hp-hr (g/kW-hr) ............... 0.44 (268)

Dimensions and Weight

Overall Length, in (mm) ............... 20.8 (530)
Overall Width, in (mm) ............... 18.3 (465)
Overall Height, in (mm) ............... 24.6 (625)
Dry Weight, lbs (kg) ............... 319 (145)
Wet Weight, lbs (kg) ............... 348 (158)

Maintenance Data

Service Information

Oil Pressure at Rated Speed, psi (bar) ............... 42.6-56.8 (2.9-3.9)
Oil Pressure at Idle Speed, psi (bar) ............... 14.2 (1.0)
Thermostat Opening Temperature, F (C) ............... 169-176 (76-80)
Thermostat Full Open Temperature, F (C) ............... 194 (90.0)
Radiator Cap Pressure Rating, psi (bar) ............... 12.8 (0.9)
Maximum Coolant Temperature Limit, F (C) ............... 221 (105.0)
Drive Belt Deflection Tension, in (mm) ............... 0.39-0.47 (10.0-12.0)
Intake Valve Clearance, Cold, in (mm) ............... 0.012 (0.30)
Exhaust Valve Clearance, Cold, in (mm) ............... 0.012 (0.30)

Engine Oil and Coolant

Engine Oil Type .................. SAE 30, SAE 10W-30, or 15W-40
API Service Classifications ......................... CD or higher
Engine Oil Capacity with Filter, qts (L) ............... 6.7 (6.3)
Engine Oil Capacity, Base Pan, qts (L) ............... 5.8 (5.5)
Cooling System Capacity, Engine Only, qts (L) ............... 4.0 (3.8)
Cooling System Capacity with Radiator, qts (L) ............... 7.6 (7.2)

Service Intervals

Change oil and filter ............... Every 100 hours
Inspect air cleaner ............... Every 50 hours
Replace air cleaner ............... Every 500 hours
Replace fuel filter ............... Every 200 hours
Valve clearance adjustment ............... Every 500 hours
Fuel system inspection ............... Every 1000 hours
Change coolant ............... Every 1000 hours
Compression test ............... Every 1000 hours
Clean radiator core ............... Every 250 hours
Inspect belt tension ............... Every 100 hours

Service Specifications

Cylinder Bore Inside Diameter, in (mm) ............... 3.3464-3.3476 (85.000-85.030)
Cylinder Bore Max Out of Roundness, in (mm) ............... 0.0039 (0.10)
Cylinder Head Deck Face Flatness Maximum Distortion, in (mm) ............... 0.0019 (0.05)
Cylinder Block Deck Face Flatness Maximum Distortion, in (mm) ............... 0.0019 (0.05)
Crankshaft Main Journal Nominal Diameter, in (mm) ............... 2.6771-2.6779 (68.000-68.020)
Crankshaft Main Bearing Oil Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.0015-0.0035 (0.038-0.090)
Crankpin Nominal Diameter, in (mm) ............... 2.0472-2.0480 (52.000-52.020)
Connecting Rod Bearing Oil Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.0013-0.0033 (0.035-0.085)
Crankshaft End Play, in (mm) ............... 0.0039-0.0118 (0.100-0.300)
Connecting Rod Side Play, in (mm) ............... 0.0039-0.0118 (0.100-0.300)
Connecting Rod Small End Bushing I.D, in (mm) ............... 1.1031-1.1039 (28.020-28.040)
Con Rod Small End Bushing to Piston Pin Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.0007-0.0019 (0.020-0.050)
Piston Skirt Nominal Diameter, in (mm) ............... 3.3429-3.3441 (84.910-84.940)
Piston to Cylinder Wall Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.0023-0.0047 (0.060-0.120)
Piston Pin Bore Inside Diameter, in (mm) ............... 1.1024-1.1028 (28.000-28.010)
Piston Pin Outside Diameter, in (mm) ............... 1.1020-1.1024 (27.990-28.000)
Piston Pin to Pin Bore Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.0000-0.0008 (0.000-0.020)
Top Ring Groove Side Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.0027-0.0043 (0.070-0.110)
Second Ring Groove Side Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.0019-0.0035 (0.050-0.090)
Oil Ring Groove Side Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.0011-0.0027 (0.030-0.070)
Top Ring End Gap, in (mm) ............... 0.0079-0.0157 (0.200-0.400)
Second Ring End Gap, in (mm) ............... 0.0079-0.0157 (0.200-0.400)
Oil Ring End Gap, in (mm) ............... 0.0079-0.0157 (0.200-0.400)
Intake Valve Stem Outside Diameter, in (mm) ............... 0.3129-0.3138 (7.950-7.970)
Exhaust Valve Stem Outside Diameter, in (mm) ............... 0.3118-0.3126 (7.920-7.940)
Valve Guide Bushing Inside Diameter, in (mm) ............... 0.3150-0.3157 (8.000-8.020)
Intake Valve Stem to Guide Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.0011-0.0027 (0.030-0.070)
Exhaust Valve Stem to Guide Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.0023-0.0039 (0.060-0.100)
Valve Seat Contact Width, in (mm) ............... 0.0472-0.0591 (1.200-1.500)
Valve Seat Angle ............... 45 degrees
Valve Spring Free Length, in (mm) ............... 1.6535 (42.000)
Camshaft Journal Outside Diameter, in (mm) ............... 1.7716-1.7724 (45.000-45.020)
Camshaft Bearing Bore Inside Diameter, in (mm) ............... 1.7744-1.7756 (45.070-45.100)
Camshaft Journal Oil Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.0020-0.0039 (0.050-0.100)
Cam Lobe Height (Intake), in (mm) ............... 1.5157-1.5197 (38.500-38.600)
Cam Lobe Height (Exhaust), in (mm) ............... 1.5157-1.5197 (38.500-38.600)
Rocker Arm Shaft Outside Diameter, in (mm) ............... 0.5894-0.5901 (14.970-14.990)
Rocker Arm Bushing Bore Inside Diameter, in (mm) ............... 0.5905-0.5913 (15.000-15.020)
Rocker Arm Bushing to Shaft Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.0003-0.0019 (0.010-0.050)
Tappet Body Valve Lifter Outside Diameter, in (mm) ............... 0.9433-0.9441 (23.960-23.980)
Tappet Guide Bore Inside Diameter, in (mm) ............... 0.9448-0.9458 (24.000-24.025)
Tappet to Guide Bore Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.0007-0.0025 (0.020-0.065)
Idler Gear Shaft Outside Diameter, in (mm) ............... 1.3374-1.3381 (33.970-33.990)
Idler Gear Bushing Inside Diameter, in (mm) ............... 1.3385-1.3395 (34.000-34.025)
Idler Gear Bushing to Shaft Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.0003-0.0021 (0.010-0.055)

Tightening Torques

Cylinder Head Bolts (Step One), lb-ft (Nm) ............... 21.6 (29.4)
Cylinder Head Bolts (Step Two), lb-ft (Nm) ............... 43.3 (58.8)
Cylinder Head Bolts (Step Three), lb-ft (Nm) ............... 61.4-65.0 (83.3-88.2)
Connecting Rod Cap Nuts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 36.1-39.7 (49.0-53.9)
Main Bearing Cap Bolts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 72.3-79.5 (98.0-107.8)
Flywheel Retaining Mounting Bolts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 57.8-65.0 (78.4-88.2)
Crankshaft Front Pulley Center Nut, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 108.4-122.9 (147.0-166.6)
Rocker Shaft Support Bracket Mounting Bolts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 14.4-18.0 (19.6-24.5)
Cylinder Head Valve Cover Nuts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 5.7-8.6 (7.8-11.7)
Timing Gear Case Cover Mounting Bolts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 14.4-18.0 (19.6-24.5)
Timing Gear Rear Plate to Cylinder Block Fasteners, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 14.4-18.0 (19.6-24.5)
Camshaft Thrust Retaining Plate Holding Screws, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 14.4-18.0 (19.6-24.5)
Idler Gear Hub Mounting Retaining Bolt, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 28.9-36.1 (39.2-49.0)
Oil Pan Drain Plug Base Reservoir, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 43.3-50.6 (58.8-68.6)
Oil Pan Perimeter Base Mounting Flange Screws, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 10.8-14.4 (14.7-19.6)
Oil Pump Pressure Relief Valve Retaining Plug, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 28.9-36.1 (39.2-49.0)
Injection Pump Drive Gear Mounting Shaft Nut, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 43.3-50.6 (58.8-68.6)
Fuel Injection Pump Body Holding Flange Mounting Nuts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 14.4-18.0 (19.6-24.5)
High Pressure Fuel Line Injector Flare Delivery Nuts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 18.0-21.6 (24.5-29.4)
Fuel Injector Nozzle Assembly Body Holder Into Head Bore, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 43.3-50.6 (58.8-68.6)
Fuel Injector Retaining Clamping Bracket Base Nuts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 18.0-21.6 (24.5-29.4)
Fuel Leak Off Return Rail Small Banjo Joint Connector Bolts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 7.2-10.8 (9.8-14.7)
Glow Plug Body Terminal Thread Into Cylinder Head, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 10.8-14.4 (14.7-19.6)
Glow Plug Electrical Supply Connector Rail Hex Nut Top, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 0.7-1.1 (1.0-1.5)
Water Pump Assembly Body Flange Installation Mount Bolts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 14.4-18.0 (19.6-24.5)
Coolant Thermostat Housing Water Outlet Cover Bolts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 14.4-18.0 (19.6-24.5)
Cooling System Radiator Fan Blade Assembly Bolts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 5.7-8.6 (7.8-11.7)
Exhaust Manifold Heat Shield Stud Mounting Nuts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 18.0-21.6 (24.5-29.4)
Intake Manifold Runner Pipe Air Chamber Mounting Bolts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 14.4-18.0 (19.6-24.5)
Starter Motor Flange Mounting Nose Cone Transmission Nuts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 36.1-43.3 (49.0-58.8)
Alternator Charging Unit Pivot Adjustment Tension Lock Bolt, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 14.4-18.0 (19.6-24.5)
Alternator Mounting Support Main Bracket Cast Frame Bolts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 28.9-36.1 (39.2-49.0)
Oil Pressure Sensor Sender Switch, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 10.8-14.4 (14.7-19.6)
Water Temperature Sensor Sender Plug, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 18.0-21.6 (24.5-29.4)
Flywheel Housing Backing Plate Case Fasteners, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 36.1-43.3 (49.0-58.8)
Rear Crankshaft Oil Seal Carrier Housing Bolts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 14.4-18.0 (19.6-24.5)
Oil Strainer Intake Pickup Tube Flange Assembly Bolts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 14.4-18.0 (19.6-24.5)
Breather Valve Cover Plate Ventilation Deflector Screws, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 3.6-5.7 (4.9-7.8)
Engine Side Support Mount Feet To Cylinder Block Bosses, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 36.1-43.3 (49.0-58.8)
Injection Pump Internal Governor Housing End Screws, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 5.7-8.6 (7.8-11.7)
Fuel Delivery Feed Pump Housing Attachment Nuts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 14.4-18.0 (19.6-24.5)
Main Drive Fan Belt Pulley Extension Spindle Bolts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 14.4-18.0 (19.6-24.5)
Crankcase Internal Oil Jet Orifice Passage Line Jet Screws, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 18.0-21.6 (24.5-29.4)
Front Timing Gear Cover Oil Seal Plate Fasteners, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 7.2-10.8 (9.8-14.7)
Air Intake Heater Element Base Flange Gasket Stud Nuts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 14.4-18.0 (19.6-24.5)
Exhaust Pipe Muffler Discharge Adapter Flange Connect Nuts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 28.9-36.1 (39.2-49.0)
Hydraulic Accessory Pump Drive Pass Through Spline Nut, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 43.3-50.6 (58.8-68.6)
Fuel Filter Housing Support Bracket Frame Bolts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 14.4-18.0 (19.6-24.5)
Lubricating Oil Filter Threaded Center Spigot Adapter Stud, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 21.6-28.9 (29.4-39.2)
Crankcase Breather Tube Bracket Clamp Frame Small Bolt, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 5.7-8.6 (7.8-11.7)
Starter Solenoid Electrical Power Cable Battery Nut, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 5.7-8.6 (7.8-11.7)

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