Case 1840 Skid Steer Troubleshooting

The Case 1840 skid steer loader driveline system components: a 239 cu.in (3.9L) Case 4-390 four-cylinder direct injection liquid-cooled diesel engine with a rated power of hp (40 kW) and 1-speed hydrostatic transmission. The hydraulic system has a gear pump with a rated capacity 15.3 gal/min (57.9 l/min). The system relief pressure is 2300 psi (159 bar). The Case 1840 is equipped with single-reduction final drive, 80HT continuous roller chains, and 10x16.5 tires. The skid steer loader has a maximum lift height of 110.5" (2810 mm) to hinge pin and dump height of 84" (2130 mm). The rated operating capacity is 1400 lbs (635 kg), and tipping load is 2800 lbs (1270 kg).

Engine Troubleshooting

Engine starts up hard or won't start

Air in the fuel lines - Bleed the fuel lines.
Fuel filter plugging - Clean the filter or install new filter element.
Fuel injection nozzles are damaged or dirty - Clean or change injection nozzles.
Water in the fuel system - Change fuel and repair fuel system.
Valve clearance is wrong - Check and adjust as required.
Fuel injection pump is not working correctly - Replacement or repair required.

Engine starts but stalls immediately

Dirty air filter - Clean or replace element.
Fuel filter plugging - Change the filter element.
Fuel injection pump is leaking - Repair any leaks.
Damaged or clogged injectors - Clean or replace fuel injectors.
Faulty fuel injection pump - Repair or replace injection pump.

Engine stalls during operation

Engine not warmed up - Warm up the engine as required.
Fuel filter is plugged - Clean or replace the filter.
Air in the fuel system - Air bleeding.
Defective or clogged injection nozzle - Test injection nozzles and change if necessary.
Improper setting of fuel injection pump timing - Adjust fuel injection pump as required.

Engine stalls at low idle speed

Incorrect low idle setting - Normalize low idle speed.
Fuel injection pump damage - Change pump or rebuild it.
Clogged or defective injectors - Replace or clean fuel injectors.
Incorrect valve clearance - Adjust to proper valve clearance.

Engine power loss

Plugged air filter - Clean or change.
Faulty fuel injection nozzles - Inspect nozzles and replace if necessary.
Fuel injection pressure is incorrect - Adjust pressure to proper level.
Excessive valve clearance - Check and adjust.
Incorrect low idle speed adjustment - Normalize low idle speed.
Fuel lines or hoses are clogged - Clean fuel system lines and hoses.
Cylinder-head gasket is broken - Replace cylinder head gasket.
Piston rings are damaged or leaking - Piston rings replacement required.

Engine overheating

Engine coolant is insufficient - Add coolant fluid to cooling system and also check it for leaks.
Low engine oil level - Add oil to the engine crankcase.
Dirty radiator core or faulty radiator cap - Clean radiator or install new cap.
Loose or damaged fan belt - Change the fan belt.
Engine overloaded - Reduce load on the engine.

Low oil pressure

Insufficient engine oil - Add oil as required.
Oil filter clogging - Clean or replace engine oil filter element.
Oil grade or viscosity is wrong - Use proper viscosity oil.
Crankshaft bearing oil clearance is excessive - Bearing replacement required.
Defective oil pump - Replace as required.

Engine knocks or noises

Engine oil level low - Fill up the oil to required level.
Engine has not warmed up to recommended temperature - Warm up the engine as required.
Wrong setting of fuel injection pump timing - Adjust fuel injection pump as required.
Low idle speed setting is not correct - Correct the settings.
Defective fuel injectors - Test and replace fuel injectors if necessary.
Connecting rod is misaligned or defective - Need to change or align the connecting rod.
Pistons are worn or broken - Pistons replacement required.

Drive System Troubleshooting

Machine will not move in either direction or one direction

Hydraulic oil level is low - Fill the system to proper hydraulic oil level.
Drive chain is damaged - Inspect drive chain and replace defective components.
Worn input drive shaft - Repair or replace drive shaft.
Relief valve is defective - Repair or change.
Suction line or hydraulic filter is clogged - Clean suction line or change hydraulic filter.
Defective foot or hand controls - Check and repair as required.
Drive motor or pump is defective - Repair or replace faulty component.

Lack of power

Hydraulic oil filter is plugged - Replace or clean hydraulic filter.
Relief valve is defective or open - Change or close relief valve.
Transmission parts are worn or defective - Check and replace defective components.
Damaged input drive shaft - Service or change faulty drive shaft.
There is air in the hydraulic system - Bleed air from system.

Drive system overheating

Hydraulic fluid is insufficient - Add fluid as required.
Hydraulic fluid filter is dirty - Replace hydraulic filter.
Faulty relief valve - Repair or replace.
Drive pump or hydraulic motor is damaged - Repair or change faulty component.
Oil cooler is clogged - Cooling fins need to be cleaned.
Transmission overloading - Reduce the load.

Drive system is excessively noisy

Oil viscosity is wrong - Drain and refill with proper oil.
There is air in the hydraulic system - Bleed hydraulic system.
Drive pump or hydraulic motor malfunction - Repair or replace faulty component.
Worn or defective mechanical components of drive system - Inspect the parts for defect or damage and repair as required.

Hydraulics Troubleshooting

Hydraulic system has overheating

Hydraulic pressure is incorrect - Adjust it correctly.
Defective or misadjusted main relief valve - Adjust relief valve or change if required.
Hydraulic fluid is dirty - Change hydraulic fluid.
Hydraulic oil level is low - Fill the hydraulic system with oil.
Defective hydraulic pump - Install new pump or repair it.

Boom won't lower or raise

Lift controls are faulty - Inspect and repair if necessary.
Damaged hydraulic oil pump - Repair or replace pump if necessary.
Hydraulic control valve is defective - Install a new valve or repair it.
Hydraulic cylinder is faulty - Repair or install a new lift cylinder.
Low hydraulic oil level - Checking hydraulic oil level and add if necessary.

Bucket tilt does not work

Bucket controls failure - Replace or repair.
Hydraulic pump failure - Repair or change pump if required.
Damaged hydraulic control valve - Install a new valve or repair it.
Hydraulic bucket cylinder is defective - Change or repair cylinder.
Hydraulic oil is insufficient - Checking hydraulic oil level and add if necessary.

Boom or bucket functions slowly

Defective hydraulic pump - Flow-rate hydraulic pump and replace pump if necessary.
Hydraulic cylinder oil leakage - Install new cylinder seals.
Hydraulic fluid is insufficient - Checking hydraulic fluid level and add if necessary.
Damaged or incorrect adjusted hydraulic control valve - Adjust correctly or repair.
Hydraulic pressure loss - Correct setting is required.

Lift arm or bucket is jerky

Air in the hydraulic system - Bleed air from system.
Dirty hydraulic oil filter - Service or change the hydraulic filter.
Contaminated hydraulic oil - Hydraulic oil change required.
Cylinder tube or rod scoring - Change defective component.

Hydraulic pump is excessively noisy

Not enough oil or hydraulic system leaking - Add hydraulic oil or correct system leaks.
Dirty hydraulic filter - Service or change hydraulic filter.
Suction line is clogged - Need to clean the suction line.
Air in hydraulic pump - Air bleeding is required.
Worn pump components - Install new hydraulic pump or rebuild it.

Electrical Troubleshooting

Battery does not charge

Loose or corroded electrical wiring connections - Clean or tighten connections.
Battery terminal clamps are defective - Install new terminal clamps.
Battery bad cell - Change the battery.
Belt is damaged or loose - Belt needs to be adjusted or changed.

Starter motor turns slow

Battery capacity is low - Charge the battery.
Battery runs out quickly - Service charging system or install new battery.
Disconnected wires or corroded battery terminals - Check cable connections and change or clean terminals.

Starter does not work

Battery is drained or worn - Recharge or replace battery.
Wiring is incorrectly connected or disconnected - Inspect wiring and connect correctly.
Battery power is low - Low battery charging, charge as required.
Defective starter motor - Starter should be replaced.