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Ford 2704E Engine

The Ford 2704E is a heavy-duty, 6-cylinder, naturally aspirated industrial and marine diesel engine belonging to the iconic Ford 2700 "Dorset" range. Characterized by its 4-stroke direct-injection design, this engine features a rugged cast-iron cylinder block engineered with a parent bore configuration or dry-type cromard liners to achieve exceptional durability under continuous load conditions. The structural architecture incorporates a robust forged steel crankshaft rotating on seven main bearings, high-strength H-section connecting rods, and aluminum alloy split-skirt pistons. Its toroidal combustion chambers are integrated directly into the piston crowns to maximize thermal efficiency and minimize fuel consumption. Known for its simplicity, high reliability, and ease of service, the 2704E is widely utilized in agricultural tractors, specialized construction machinery, power generators, and marine propulsion conversions.

The engine employs an overhead vertical valve layout (OHV) actuated via pushrods and a gear-driven camshaft mounted within the cylinder block. Each cylinder features one inlet and one exhaust valve oriented vertically. The valves are equipped with 30-degree valve seats and phosphate-coated stems to suppress frictional wear. The assembly utilizes replaceable valve guides and high-grade valve seat inserts pressed into the cast-iron cylinder head to simplify long-term reconditioning. Bore Diameter: 105 mm (4.135 inches). Stroke Length: 115 mm (4.530 inches). Total Displacement: 5.9 Liters (362.8 cubic inches).

The fuel architecture relies on a mechanical direct-injection system featuring a high-pressure inline injection pump, typically a Simms "Minimec" unit, which is mechanically timed and gear-driven via the main front timing gear assembly. A low-pressure mechanical fuel lift pump, operated directly by an eccentric cam lobe on the camshaft, draws raw diesel fuel from the storage tank. The fuel is pushed through a multi-stage sedimenter and primary paper-element fuel filter assembly to eliminate fine contaminants and trace water content. Clean fuel then enters the high-pressure gallery of the inline injection pump, where individual pumping elements pressurize and meter the fuel to the respective multi-hole injectors. The injectors atomize the fuel under high pressure directly into the toroidal combustion chambers within the piston crowns to facilitate efficient compression ignition. Any excess fuel bypassing the injectors or injection pump gallery is continuously returned via a low-pressure spill line back into the main fuel tank.

The engine uses a forced-feed lubrication circuit pressurized by a high-efficiency gear-driven oil pump that meshes directly with the internal camshaft gear train. Engine oil is drawn through a pickup screen in the pressed-steel oil sump and forced through a full-flow, spin-on element oil filter assembly before entering the main oil gallery. The pressurized oil gallery delivers precise lubrication to the seven main crankshaft bearings, big-end connecting rod journals, and camshaft bushings. A secondary low-pressure feed line channels oil upward through the cylinder block to the rocker arm shaft assembly to lubricate the vertical valve stems, valve guides, and rocker interfaces before draining back to the oil pan via the pushrod tunnels.

Thermal regulation is managed by a closed-loop liquid-cooled system featuring forced coolant circulation. The circuit is pressurized by a belt-driven centrifugal water pump mounted to the front housing. A bypass-type wax capsule thermostat dictates coolant flow paths based on operational temperatures. During warmup, the thermostat remains closed, forcing coolant to circulate strictly within the internal galleries of the cylinder block and cylinder head. Upon reaching optimal operating temperature, the thermostat unseats, opening the flow path directly through the external radiator or marine heat exchanger loop to dissipate excess heat before returning the fluid back into the suction side of the water pump.

General Technical Data

Engine Specifications

Engine Model ............... Ford 2704E
Engine Type ............... 4-cycle inline 6-cylinder direct injection liquid-cooled diesel
Number of Cylinders ............... 6
Cylinder Arrangement ............... In-line
Engine Bore, in (mm) ............... 4.125 (105.0)
Engine Stroke, in (mm) ............... 4.524 (115.0)
Displacement, cu.in (L) ............... 362.8 (5.95)
Rated Engine Power, hp (kW) ............... 100-120 (74.6-89.5)
Rated Engine Speed, rpm ............... 2500
Peak Torque ............... 249-280 lb-ft (338-379 Nm) at 1600 rpm
Idle Speed ............... 700-800 rpm
Aspiration Type ............... Naturally Aspirated
Operating Speed ............... 1500-2500 rpm
Compression Ratio ............... 16.0:1
Firing Order ............... 1-5-3-6-2-4
Cylinder Block Type ............... Cast iron
Cylinder Head Type ............... Cast iron
Lubrication System ............... Full-pressure Force Feed
Oil Pump Type ............... Gear-driven eccentric rotor
Oil Filter Type ............... Full-flow, replaceable element spin-on
Cooling System ............... Liquid-cooled centrifugal pump
Water Pump Type ............... Belt-driven centrifugal
Air Cleaner Type ............... Heavy duty oil bath or dry element
Starting System ............... Axial type electric starter
Electrical System ............... 12V negative earth system

Fuel System

Fuel Injection Pump Type ............... Simms Minimec mechanical inline
Governor Type ............... Mechanical flyweight centrifugal or pneumatic
Injection Pump Drive ............... Gear driven from camshaft
Fuel Lift Pump Type ............... Mechanical diaphragm lift pump
Fuel Lift Pump Pressure, psi (bar) ............... 6.0-10.0 (0.41-0.69)
Injector Type ............... Multi-hole nozzle type holder
Number of Injector Holes ............... 4
Injector Opening Pressure, atm (bar) ............... 185 (187.5)
Fuel Filter Type ............... Dual stage paper element with sedimenter
Injection Timing ............... 23 deg BTDC
Maximum Leak-off Rate ............... 5.0 drops per min
Fuel Delivery Control ............... Mechanical rack and pinion linkage
Cold Start Device ............... Excess fuel device manual button

Dimensions and Weight

Overall Length, in (mm) ............... 41.2 (1045)
Overall Width, in (mm) ............... 24.8 (630)
Overall Height, in (mm) ............... 35.6 (905)
Dry Weight, lbs (kg) ............... 1150 (522)

Maintenance Data

Service Information

Compression Pressure at Cranking Speed, psi (bar) ............... 350 (24.1)
Oil Pressure at Idle, psi (bar) ............... 15 (1.03)
Oil Pressure at 2000 rpm, psi (bar) ............... 30-60 (2.07-4.14)
Thermostat Opening Temperature, F (C) ............... 165 (74.0)
Thermostat Fully Open Temperature, F (C) ............... 185 (85.0)
Intake Valve Clearance, Cold, in (mm) ............... 0.012 (0.30)
Exhaust Valve Clearance, Cold, in (mm) ............... 0.015 (0.38)

Engine Oil and Coolant

Engine Oil Type .................. SAE 30, SAE 10W, or SAE 20W
API Service Classifications ......................... CD or CE
Engine Oil Capacity with Filter, qt (L) ............... 13.5 (12.8)
Engine Oil Capacity without Filter, qt (L) ............... 12.0 (11.4)
Cooling System Capacity, qt (L) ............... 18.0 (17.0)
Injection Pump Oil Capacity, pt (L) ............... 0.63 (0.36)

Service Intervals

Change oil and filter ............... Every 150 hours
Inspect air cleaner ............... Every 50 hours
Replace air cleaner ............... Every 600 hours
Replace fuel filter ............... Every 300 hours
Valve clearance adjustment ............... Every 600 hours
Fuel system inspection ............... Every 600 hours
Change coolant ............... Every 1000 hours
Compression test ............... Every 600 hours
Belt inspection ............... Every service cycle

Service Specifications

Cylinder Bore Diameter, Standard, in (mm) ............... 4.1250-4.1260 (104.775-104.800)
Cylinder Bore Taper, Maximum, in (mm) ............... 0.0010 (0.025)
Cylinder Bore Ovality, Maximum, in (mm) ............... 0.0010 (0.025)
Liner Flange Height Above Block, in (mm) ............... 0.0020-0.0050 (0.051-0.127)
Main Journal Diameter, in (mm) ............... 3.0000-3.0010 (76.200-76.225)
Main Bearing Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.0022-0.0045 (0.056-0.114)
Crankshaft End Play, in (mm) ............... 0.0020-0.0100 (0.051-0.254)
Rod Journal Diameter, in (mm) ............... 2.5000-2.5010 (63.500-63.525)
Rod Bearing Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.0018-0.0038 (0.046-0.097)
Piston Skirt Clearance, Standard, in (mm) ............... 0.0062-0.0076 (0.157-0.193)
Piston Pin Diameter, Standard, in (mm) ............... 1.3750-1.3753 (34.925-34.933)
Piston Pin to Piston Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.0003-0.0006 (0.008-0.015)
Piston Pin to Rod Bushing Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.0008-0.0015 (0.020-0.038)
Top Ring End Gap, in (mm) ............... 0.0110-0.0160 (0.279-0.406)
Second Ring End Gap, in (mm) ............... 0.0090-0.0140 (0.229-0.356)
Oil Ring End Gap, in (mm) ............... 0.0110-0.0160 (0.279-0.406)
Top Ring Groove Side Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.0025-0.0045 (0.064-0.114)
Second Ring Groove Side Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.0020-0.0040 (0.051-0.102)
Oil Ring Groove Side Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.0015-0.0035 (0.038-0.089)
Cylinder Head Distortion, Limit, in (mm) ............... 0.0030 (0.076)
Intake Valve Stem Diameter, in (mm) ............... 0.3723-0.3733 (9.456-9.482)
Exhaust Valve Stem Diameter, in (mm) ............... 0.3708-0.3718 (9.418-9.444)
Intake Valve Stem to Guide Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.0015-0.0035 (0.038-0.089)
Exhaust Valve Stem to Guide Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.0030-0.0050 (0.076-0.127)
Valve Face Angle, deg ............... 29.5-30.0
Valve Seat Angle, deg ............... 30.0
Camshaft Journal Diameter (Front), in (mm) ............... 2.1220-2.1230 (53.899-53.924)
Camshaft Journal Diameter (Center), in (mm) ............... 2.0595-2.0605 (52.311-52.337)
Camshaft Journal Diameter (Rear), in (mm) ............... 1.9970-1.9980 (50.724-50.749)
Camshaft Bearing Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.0015-0.0038 (0.038-0.097)
Camshaft End Play, in (mm) ............... 0.0020-0.0060 (0.051-0.152)
Flywheel Face Runout, Maximum, in (mm) ............... 0.0050 (0.127)

Tightening Torques

Cylinder Head Bolts (Stage 1), lb-ft (Nm) ............... 55 (74.6)
Cylinder Head Bolts (Stage 2), lb-ft (Nm) ............... 85 (115.2)
Cylinder Head Bolts (Stage 3), lb-ft (Nm) ............... 115 (155.9)
Main Bearing Cap Bolts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 115 (155.9)
Connecting Rod Nuts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 75 (101.7)
Flywheel Bolts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 85 (115.2)
Crankshaft Damper Pulley Bolt, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 150 (203.4)
Rocker Shaft Bracket Bolts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 30 (40.7)
Timing Gear Cover Bolts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 15 (20.3)
Oil Pan Sump Bolts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 15 (20.3)
Manifold Fasteners Gland Nuts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 25 (33.9)
Injector Hold Down Clamp Bolts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 18 (24.4)
Fuel Injection Lines Union Nuts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 18 (24.4)
Glow Plugs or Heater Elements, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 20 (27.1)
Oil Filter Housing Adapter Bolts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 25 (33.9)
Water Pump Mounting Bolts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 15 (20.3)
Thermostat Housing Bolts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 15 (20.3)
Starter Motor Mounting Bolts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 45 (61.0)
Alternator Mounting Bracket Bolts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 35 (47.5)
Oil Pump Assembly Retaining Bolts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 15 (20.3)
Camshaft Thrust Plate Bolts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 15 (20.3)
Flywheel Housing Fasteners, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 45 (61.0)
Valve Cover Acorn Nuts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 5 (6.8)
Injection Pump Drive Gear Nut, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 45 (61.0)
Fuel Delivery Lift Pump Screws, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 10 (13.6)

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• Ford Engines Specs
  
• Ford 2701E Specs
  
• Ford 2703E Specs
  
• Ford 2704ET Specs
  
• Ford 2709E Specs
  

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