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International BD264 Engine

The International Harvester BD264 is a heavy-duty, inline engine introduced as part of the Black Diamond engine series. Developed during the 1950s as an evolutionary step up from the Silver Diamond line, the BD264 was deployed across both the truck lineup and specialized industrial/agricultural applications, including McCormick International B-series tractors and BTD-6 crawlers. A major design landmark for the Black Diamond series was the transition to a revised cylinder head configuration designed to improve valve cooling and structural integrity under prolonged loads.

The engine uses an overhead valve (OHV) design operated via a camshaft driven by the timing gear train, pushrods, and rocker arms. Early Production: Built using a straight-valve vertical design configuration. Late Production: Upgraded to a tilt-valve configuration. The valves are set at a distinct angle inside a wider, taller cylinder head assembly to increase internal clearance, optimize thermal management, and lower the risk of heat-related valve drops. Displacement: 264.3 cubic inches (4.3 Liters). Diesel (4-Cylinder) Dimensions: Features a 4.00-inch (102 mm) bore combined with a 5.25-inch (133 mm) stroke length.

Fuel System: Built around a high-pressure mechanical fuel injection pump driven directly off the front timing gear train. The injection pump pressurizes fuel and sends it through high-pressure steel lines out to individual mechanical injectors and spray nozzles mounted directly into the cylinder head combustion chambers. The system relies on secondary stage inline fuel filters to isolate particulate contaminants before the fuel enters the close-tolerance internal pump components.

Lubrication is managed via a full-pressure wet-sump system driven by a gear-type oil pump. The oil is pulled from the lower oil pan through a floating oil screen intake, pressurized, and routed through an external oil filter assembly before moving into the main oil galleries. The engine uses a liquid-forced thermal cooling setup managed by a high-capacity belt-driven centrifugal water pump and a bypass-type thermostat assembly. Coolant fluid circulates continuously around the cylinder sleeves and through the internal water jackets of the cylinder head to dissipate heat evenly before returning to the radiator.

General Technical Data

Engine Specifications

Engine Model ............... International Harvester BD264
Engine Type ............... 4-cycle inline 4-cylinder direct injection liquid-cooled diesel
Number of Cylinders ............... 4
Cylinder Arrangement ............... In-line
Engine Bore, in (mm) ............... 4.00 (101.6)
Engine Stroke, in (mm) ............... 5.25 (133.35)
Displacement, cu.in (L) ............... 264 (4.3)
Rated Engine Power, hp (kW) ............... 55-66 (41-49)
Rated Engine Speed, rpm ............... 1450-1600
Peak Torque ............... 298 Nm (220 lb-ft) at 1100 rpm
Idle Speed ............... 500-550 rpm
Aspiration Type ............... Naturally Aspirated
Operating Speed ............... 1450 rpm
Compression Ratio ............... 16.3:1
Firing Order ............... 1-3-4-2
Camshaft Drive ............... Gear driven train
Crankshaft Rotation ............... Clockwise from front
Cylinder Block Type ............... Cast iron dry-sleeved block
Cylinder Head Type ............... Cast iron overhead valve design
Lubrication System ............... Full-pressure circulation oiling
Oil Pump Type ............... Gear-driven internally mounted pump
Oil Filter Type ............... Full-flow element canister assembly
Cooling System ............... Forced liquid-cooled thermostat bypass
Water Pump Type ............... Belt-driven centrifugal impeller unit
Air Cleaner Type ............... Oil bath multi-stage element
Starting System ............... Electric starter motor secondary glow system
Electrical System ............... 12V positive ground vehicle circuit

Fuel System

Injection Pump Type ............... CAV inline mechanical plunger type
Governor Type ............... Mechanical flyweight variable speed governor
Transfer Pump Pressure, psi (kPa) ............... 15-22 (103-151)
Fuel Injection Timing ............... 18 deg BTDC static setting
Injection Nozzle Type ............... Multi-hole pintle hydraulic needle valve
Nozzle Opening Pressure, psi (bar) ............... 2133-2275 (147-157)
Fuel Filter Type ............... Primary sedimenter dual secondary paper elements
Fuel Transfer Pump Type ............... Camshaft-driven mechanical diaphragm design
Maximum Fuel Return Rate, gpm (L/min) ............... 0.25 (0.95)
Fuel Delivery Line Outer Diameter, in (mm) ............... 0.25 (6.35)
High Pressure Pipe Inside Diameter, in (mm) ............... 0.078 (2.0)
Injection Advance Mechanism ............... Fixed gear train drive configuration

Dimensions and Weight

Overall Length, in (mm) ............... 37.5 (950)
Overall Width, in (mm) ............... 24.2 (615)
Overall Height, in (mm) ............... 39.8 (1010)
Dry Weight, lbs (kg) ............... 1080 (490)
Wet Weight, lbs (kg) ............... 1165 (530)

Maintenance Data

Service Information

Compression Pressure Range, psi (bar) ............... 380-420 (26.2-28.9)
Oil Standard Operating Pressure, psi (bar) ............... 30-45 (2.0-3.1)
Oil Minimum Idle Pressure, psi (bar) ............... 10 (0.68)
Normal Thermostat Opening Temperature, F (C) ............... 165 (74.0)
Thermostat Fully Open Temperature, F (C) ............... 195 (90.5)
Intake Valve Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.015 (0.38)
Exhaust Valve Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.015 (0.38)

Engine Oil and Coolant

Engine Oil Type .................. SAE 10W, SAE30, or 10W-30
API Service Classifications ......................... CC or CD
Engine Oil Capacity with Filter, qt (L) ............... 9.5 (9.0)
Engine Oil Capacity without Filter, qt (L) ............... 8.5 (8.0)
Cooling System Capacity, gal (L) ............... 5.3 (19.8)
Air Cleaner Reservoir Oil Capacity, qt (L) ............... 1.1 (1.0)

Service Intervals

Change oil and filter ............... Every 100 hours
Fuel filter replacement ............... Every 250 hours
Inspect air filter ............... Every 50 hours
Valve clearance adjustment ............... Every 500 hours
Fuel system inspection ............... Every 1000 hours
Change coolant ............... Every 1000 hours
Check injection timing ............... Every 1000 hours

Service Specifications

Cylinder Sleeve Nominal Bore Diameter, in (mm) ............... 4.000-4.001 (101.600-101.625)
Cylinder Sleeve Out Of Round Wear Max Limit, in (mm) ............... 0.003 (0.076)
Cylinder Sleeve Taper Wear Wear Max Limit, in (mm) ............... 0.004 (0.102)
Piston Skirt To Cylinder Sleeve Clearances, in (mm) ............... 0.0045-0.0055 (0.114-0.140)
Top Compression Ring Side Groove Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.0025-0.0040 (0.063-0.101)
Second Compression Ring Side Groove Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.0020-0.0035 (0.050-0.088)
Oil Control Ring Side Groove Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.0015-0.0030 (0.038-0.076)
Top Compression Ring End Gap, in (mm) ............... 0.012 (0.304)
Second Compression Ring End Gap, in (mm) ............... 0.010 (0.254)
Oil Control Ring End Gap, in (mm) ............... 0.010 (0.254)
Piston Pin Bore Inside Diameter, in (mm) ............... 1.3751-1.3754 (34.927-34.935)
Piston Pin Outer Diameter Standard Size, in (mm) ............... 1.3748-1.3750 (34.919-34.925)
Piston Pin To Bushing Small End Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.0004-0.0009 (0.010-0.022)
Crankshaft Main Bearing Journal Std Diameter, in (mm) ............... 3.123-3.124 (79.324-79.349)
Crankshaft Main Bearing Shell Running Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.0025-0.0045 (0.063-0.114)
Crankshaft Connecting Rod Journal Std Diameter, in (mm) ............... 2.623-2.624 (66.624-66.649)
Connecting Rod Bearing Shell Running Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.0020-0.0040 (0.050-0.101)
Crankshaft Axial End Play Thrust Bearing Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.004-0.008 (0.101-0.203)
Connecting Rod Big End Side Axial Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.007-0.011 (0.177-0.279)
Camshaft Front Journal Inside Bearing Diameter, in (mm) ............... 2.122-2.124 (53.899-53.949)
Camshaft Intermediate Journal Inside Bearing Diameter, in (mm) ............... 2.060-2.062 (52.324-52.374)
Camshaft Rear Journal Inside Bearing Diameter, in (mm) ............... 1.622-1.624 (41.198-41.249)
Camshaft Axial Thrust End Play Limits, in (mm) ............... 0.003-0.007 (0.076-0.177)
Valve Stem Standard Guide Outside Guide Diameter, in (mm) ............... 0.626-0.627 (15.900-15.925)
Intake Valve Stem Outer Operating Diameter, in (mm) ............... 0.372-0.373 (9.448-9.474)
Exhaust Valve Stem Outer Operating Diameter, in (mm) ............... 0.371-0.372 (9.423-9.448)
Intake Valve Stem To Guide Clearance Limit, in (mm) ............... 0.0015-0.0035 (0.038-0.088)
Exhaust Valve Stem To Guide Clearance Limit, in (mm) ............... 0.0025-0.0045 (0.063-0.114)
Valve Head Seating Face Angles Target Target, deg ............... 45
Cylinder Head Deck Flatness Total Surface Allowance, in (mm) ............... 0.003 (0.076)
Cylinder Block Upper Deck Flatness Total Allowance, in (mm) ............... 0.004 (0.101)
Rocker Arm Shaft Outer Supporting Tube Diameter, in (mm) ............... 0.748-0.749 (18.999-19.024)
Rocker Arm Bushing Inside Standard Fitting Diameter, in (mm) ............... 0.750-0.751 (19.050-19.075)
Pushrod Out Of Round Maximum Straightness Runout, in (mm) ............... 0.015 (0.381)
Valve Spring Free Unloaded Target Target Length, in (mm) ............... 2.32 (58.92)
Valve Spring Under Testing Load Force Installed Length, in (mm) ............... 1.94 (49.27)

Tightening Torque Specs

Cylinder Head Bolts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 115-125 (156-169)
Main Bearing Cap Nuts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 110-120 (149-163)
Connecting Rod Big End Cap Bolt, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 70-75 (95-102)
Flywheel Mounting Crankshaft Bolts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 80-85 (108-115)
Flywheel Housing Perimeter Block Bolts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 45-50 (61-68)
Crankshaft Vibration Damper Hub Bolt, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 140-150 (190-203)
Camshaft Front Thrust Plate Bolts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 25-30 (34-41)
Timing Gear Housing Front Bolts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 30-35 (41-47)
Timing Gear Camshaft Outer Nut, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 65-70 (88-95)
Timing Gear Injection Pump Driveshaft Nut, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 45-50 (61-68)
Rocker Arm Shaft Bracket Bolts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 25-30 (34-41)
Valve Rocker Arm Lash Adjusting Locknut, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 18-22 (24-30)
Oil Pan Sheet Metal Sump Drain Plug, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 40-45 (54-61)
Oil Pan Perimeter Block Bolts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 12-15 (16-20)
Intake Manifold Face Cylinder Head Screws, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 25-30 (34-41)
Exhaust Manifold Face Cylinder Head Screws, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 30-35 (41-47)
Water Pump Assembly Structural Bolts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 25-30 (34-41)
Thermostat Housing Water Outlet Cover Bolts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 15-18 (20-24)
Fuel Injector Assembly Clamping Holder Nuts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 15-18 (20-24)
Fuel High Pressure Fuel Delivery Pipe Nuts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 20-25 (27-34)
Fuel Injection Pump Housing Plugs, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 15-20 (20-27)
Fuel Transfer Pump Body Mounting Nuts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 12-15 (16-20)
Oil Pressure Relief Valve Hex Plug, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 35-40 (47-54)
Oil Pump Assembly Base Housing Screws, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 20-25 (27-34)
Valve Pushrod Cover Screws, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 8-10 (11-14)
Valve Rocker Arm Overhead Valve Screws, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 10-12 (14-16)
Oil Filter Header Casting Block Bolts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 25-30 (34-41)
Water Temperature Sensor Plug, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 20-25 (27-34)
Glow Plug Preheater Combustion Chamber Base, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 15-20 (20-27)
Starter Motor Flywheel Housing Bolts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 45-50 (61-68)
Generator Alternator Mounting Swivel Bolt, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 30-35 (41-47)
Generator Alternator Tensioning Adjustment Screw, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 15-18 (20-24)
Front Engine Mount Bracket Main Support Bolts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 65-70 (88-95)
Rear Engine Support Face Plate Casting Bolts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 65-70 (88-95)
Crankcase Breathing Tube Bracket Bolt, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 12-15 (16-20)
Air Intake Silencer Elbow Connector Housing Bolts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 15-18 (20-24)
Exhaust Outlet Extension Pipe Adapter Studs, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 35-40 (47-54)
Oil Pump Pickup Tube Screen Bracket Bolt, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 12-15 (16-20)
Cylinder Head Core Hole Internal Sealing Plugs, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 25-30 (34-41)
Cylinder Block Oil Main Gallery Distribution End Plugs, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 30-35 (41-47)
Flywheel Inspection Cover Plate Lower Sump Screws, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 8-10 (11-14)
Fan Drive Pulley Supporting Assembly Hub Nut, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 60-65 (81-88)

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