________________________________________________________________________________

Volvo Penta D2-75F Engine

The Volvo Penta D2-75F is an inboard, inline 4-cylinder, 2.2-liter marine diesel engine tailored primarily for sailing yachts and smaller motorboats. Derived from a rugged industrial base engine block, it is thoroughly marinized to ensure structural longevity under extreme operating conditions. Key technical highlights include a high-mass flywheel paired with dynamic engine balancing to generate excellent low-RPM torque while significantly neutralizing hull vibrations. The "F" designation marks the modern refinement tier of the series, optimizing the unit to satisfy strict global emission protocols (such as US EPA Tier 3 and EU RCD Stage II) without compromising mechanical reliability.

The cylinder head utilizes an overhead valve configuration actuated via a traditional rocker arm mechanism and overhead pushrods. The layout features 2 valves per cylinder (8 valves total), driven by a single gear-driven camshaft housed inside the engine block. Valve clearances are adjusted manually via standard adjusting screws on the rocker assembly. Cylinder Bore: 84 mm (3.31 inches). Piston Stroke: 100 mm (3.94 inches). Total Displacement: 2.2 liters (134.2 cubic inches). Compression Ratio: 23.3:1.

Fuel System: The fuel layout operates on a mechanical high-pressure indirect injection configuration. Fuel is drawn by a mechanical feed pump equipped with an integrated external hand primer lever. The high-pressure loop utilizes a flange-mounted, camshaft-driven in-line injection pump that distributes fuel directly to individual injection nozzles. Final filtration is handled by a spin-on fine-particle fuel filter supported by an auxiliary mechanical stop button mounted directly on the engine frame. System control is managed through a Mechanical Diesel Interface (MDI) system which manages pre-heating glow plugs and electronic governor interfaces.

The engine relies on a pressure-fed lubrication loop powered by an internal oil pump. It features a rigid tunnel-block crankcase layout with a single-piece cast iron oil pan. Filtration is executed through a high-efficiency, spin-on full-flow oil filter. Maintenance and service features include dual oil-fill access points (one positioned on the top cylinder head cover and one on the block side profile), a dedicated closed-circuit crankcase ventilation system to isolate oily vapor, and an integrated manual oil scavenger pipe designed for oil extraction.

Thermal regulation uses a divided dual-circuit system. The internal (freshwater) cooling jacket encompasses the engine block, cast-iron cylinder head, and the exhaust manifold assembly. This primary circuit is governed by a conventional wax-pellet thermostat and a tubular heat exchanger containing a built-in expansion tank. The secondary (seawater) raw cooling circuit draws external water through an accessible, front-mounted sea water pump containing a flexible rubber impeller. This raw water absorbs heat at the tubular core bundle before exiting through a water-jacketed, seawater-cooled exhaust mixing elbow.

General Technical Data

Engine Specifications

Engine Model ............... Volvo Penta D2-75F
Engine Type ............... 4-cycle in-line 4-cylinder indirect injection liquid-cooled diesel
Number of Cylinders ............... 4
Cylinder Arrangement ............... In-line
Engine Bore, mm (in) ............... 84.0 (3.31)
Engine Stroke, mm (in) ............... 100.0 (3.94)
Displacement, L (cu.in) ............... 2.216 (135.2)
Rated Engine Power, kW (hp) ............... 55 (75)
Rated Engine Speed, rpm ............... 2700-3000
Peak Torque, Nm (lb-ft) ............... 212.2 (156.5) at 1800 rpm
Idle Speed, rpm ............... 850
Max No-Load Speed, rpm ............... 3200
Aspiration Type ............... Turbocharged with charge air cooler
Compression Ratio ............... 23.3:1
Firing Order ............... 1-3-4-2
Direction of Rotation ............... Counter-clockwise facing flywheel
Cylinder Block Material ............... High-grade cast iron
Cylinder Head Material ............... High-grade cast iron
Crankshaft Material ............... Chrome molybdenum forged steel
Piston Material ............... High-silicon aluminum alloy
Number of Camshaft Bearings ............... 3
Number of Main Bearings ............... 5
Combustion Chamber ............... Swirl chamber indirect injection
Lubrication System ............... Full-pressure circulation
Oil Pump Type ............... Trochoid rotor pump, gear-driven
Oil Filter Type ............... Full-flow spin-on cartridge with bypass valve
Oil Cooler Type ............... Integral freshwater-cooled heat exchanger
Cooling System ............... Closed freshwater system with sea water heat exchanger
Freshwater Pump Type ............... Belt-driven centrifugal pump
Sea Water Pump Type ............... Gear-driven rubber impeller pump
Heat Exchanger Type ............... Tubular bundle with expansion tank
Charge Air Cooler Type ............... Fresh-water cooled aftercooler
Emissions Standards ............... EU RCD Stage II, US EPA Tier 3
Starting System ............... Electric starter
Starter Motor Type ............... Reduction gear electric starter
System Voltage, V ............... 12
Alternator Capacity, A ............... 115
Starter Motor Rating, kW (hp) ............... 2.0 (2.7)

Fuel System

Fuel Injection Pump Type ............... In-line injection pump
Fuel Injection Pump Manufacturer ............... Bosch / Zexel
Fuel Feed Pump Type ............... Mechanical diaphragm type
Fuel Feed Pump Pressure, kPa (psi) ............... 15-25 (2.2-3.6)
Fuel Injection Nozzle Type ............... Throttle type nozzle
Fuel Injection Opening Pressure, MPa (psi) ............... 14.7 (2132)
Fuel Injection Timing, deg BTDC ............... 14.0
Fuel Filter Type ............... Full-flow spin-on cartridge
Fuel Pre-Filter Type ............... Water separator with replaceable element
Governor Type ............... Mechanical centrifugal
Fuel Transfer Pump Suction Lift, m (ft) ............... 0.8 (2.6)
Recommended Fuel Grade ............... ASTM D975 No. 1-D or No. 2-D
Maximum Fuel Temperature, C (F) ............... 50 (122)

Dimensions and Weight

Overall Length w/o Transmission, mm (in) ............... 720 (28.3)
Overall Length with MS25 Transmission, mm (in) ............... 915 (36.0)
Overall Length with HS25A Transmission, mm (in) ............... 935 (36.9)
Overall Width, mm (in) ............... 550 (21.7)
Overall Height, mm (in) ............... 695 (27.4)
Dry Weight w/o Transmission, kg (lbs) ............... 233 (514)
Dry Weight with MS25 Mechanical Gear, kg (lbs) ............... 258 (569)
Dry Weight with HS25A Hydraulic Gear, kg (lbs) ............... 264 (582)
Dry Weight with 150S Saildrive, kg (lbs) ............... 264 (582)

Maintenance Data

Service Information

Compression Pressure (Standard at 250 rpm), MPa (psi) ............... 3.0-3.4 (435-493)
Compression Pressure (Minimum Allowable Limit), MPa (psi) ............... 2.4 (348)
Compression Pressure Variance Between Cylinders, MPa (psi) ............... 0.3 (43.5)
Oil Pressure at Rated Speed, kPa (psi) ............... 300-450 (43.5-65.3)
Oil Pressure at Idling Speed, kPa (psi) ............... 70 (10.1)
Pressure Cap Relief Valve, kPa (psi) ............... 70 (10.1)
Maximum Oil Temperature, C (F) ............... 125 (257)
Thermostat Initial Opening Temperature, C (F) ............... 83 (181)
Thermostat Full Opening Temperature, C (F) ............... 95 (203)
Intake Valve Clearance (Cold), mm (in) ............... 0.20 (0.0079)
Exhaust Valve Clearance (Cold), mm (in) ............... 0.20 (0.0079)

Engine Oil and Coolant

Engine Oil Type .................. SAE 5W-30, SAE 10W-30, or 15W-40
API Service Classifications ......................... CH-4 or higher
Engine Oil Capacity with Filter, L (US qt) ............... 10.5 (11.1)
Engine Oil Capacity without Filter, L (US qt) ............... 10.1 (10.7)
Maximum Oil Pan Capacity, L (US qt) ............... 9.5 (10.0)
Minimum Oil Pan Capacity, L (US qt) ............... 7.0 (7.4)
Freshwater Capacity, L (US qt) ............... 9.5 (10.0)
MS25 Transmission Gear Oil Capacity, L (US qt) ............... 1.8 (1.9)
HS25A Transmission Gear Oil Capacity, L (US qt) ............... 1.8 (1.9)
150S Saildrive Transmission Oil Capacity, L (US qt) ............... 2.8 (3.0)

Service Intervals

Change oil and filter ............... Every 200 hours
Service air cleaner ............... Every 200 hours
Replace air cleaner ............... Every 400 hours
Replace fuel filter ............... Every 200 hours
Valve clearance adjustment ............... Every 1200 hours
Fuel system inspection ............... Every 1200 hours
Change coolant ............... Every 2000 hours
Compression test ............... Every 2000 hours
Replace drive belt ............... Every 400 hours
Replace impeller ............... Every 400 hours
Service heat exchanger ............... Every 1200 hours

Service Specifications

Cylinder Bore Inside Diameter, mm (in) ............... 84.000-84.015 (3.3071-3.3077)
Cylinder Bore Taper Maximum, mm (in) ............... 0.015 (0.0006)
Cylinder Block Upper Surface Flatness, mm (in) ............... 0.05 (0.0020)
Connecting Rod Small End Bushing I.D mm (in) ............... 28.025-28.038 (1.1033-1.1039)
Connecting Rod Big End Internal Clearance , mm (in) ............... 0.035-0.085 (0.0014-0.0033)
Connecting Rod End Side Play, mm (in) ............... 0.150-0.300 (0.0059-0.0118)
Crankshaft Main Journal Diameter, mm (in) ............... 67.950-67.970 (2.6752-2.6760)
Crankshaft Main Bearing Clearance, mm (in) ............... 0.040-0.090 (0.0016-0.0035)
Crankpin Journal Diameter, mm (in) ............... 51.960-51.980 (2.0457-2.0465)
Crankpin Bearing Clearance, mm (in) ............... 0.035-0.085 (0.0014-0.0033)
Crankshaft End Axial Play, mm (in) ............... 0.120-0.240 (0.0047-0.0094)
Piston Skirt Outer Diameter, mm (in) ............... 83.945-83.960 (3.3049-3.3055)
Piston to Cylinder Bore Clearance, mm (in) ............... 0.040-0.070 (0.0016-0.0028)
Piston Pin Bore Inner Diameter, mm (in) ............... 28.005-28.015 (1.1026-1.1030)
Piston Pin Outer Diameter, mm (in) ............... 27.995-28.000 (1.1022-1.1024)
Piston Pin to Piston Pin Bore Clearance, mm (in) ............... 0.005-0.020 (0.0002-0.0008)
Piston Pin to Con Rod Bushing Clearance, mm (in) ............... 0.025-0.043 (0.0010-0.0017)
Top Ring Groove Width, mm (in) ............... 2.060-2.080 (0.0811-0.0819)
Second Ring Groove Width, mm (in) ............... 1.530-1.550 (0.0602-0.0610)
Oil Ring Groove Width, mm (in) ............... 3.015-3.035 (0.1187-0.1195)
Top Ring Side Clearance, mm (in) ............... 0.060-0.100 (0.0024-0.0039)
Second Ring Side Clearance, mm (in) ............... 0.040-0.080 (0.0016-0.0031)
Oil Ring Side Clearance, mm (in) ............... 0.020-0.060 (0.0008-0.0024)
Top Ring End Gap, mm (in) ............... 0.200-0.350 (0.0079-0.0138)
Second Ring End Gap, mm (in) ............... 0.300-0.450 (0.0118-0.0177)
Oil Ring End Gap, mm (in) ............... 0.250-0.500 (0.0098-0.0197)
Cylinder Head Flatness Lower Gasket Face, mm (in) ............... 0.05 (0.0020)
Cylinder Head Standard Height, mm (in) ............... 89.90-90.10 (3.5394-3.5472)
Intake Valve Stem Outer Diameter, mm (in) ............... 6.955-6.970 (0.2738-0.2744)
Exhaust Valve Stem Outer Diameter, mm (in) ............... 6.940-6.955 (0.2732-0.2738)
Valve Guide Inner Diameter, mm (in) ............... 7.000-7.015 (0.2756-0.2762)
Intake Valve Stem to Guide Clearance, mm (in) ............... 0.030-0.060 (0.0012-0.0024)
Exhaust Valve Stem to Guide Clearance, mm (in) ............... 0.045-0.075 (0.0018-0.0030)
Intake Valve Head Thickness, mm (in) ............... 1.05-1.35 (0.0413-0.0531)
Exhaust Valve Head Thickness, mm (in) ............... 1.05-1.35 (0.0413-0.0531)
Intake Valve Sink Depth, mm (in) ............... 0.70-1.00 (0.0276-0.0394)
Exhaust Valve Sink Depth, mm (in) ............... 0.70-1.00 (0.0276-0.0394)
Valve Seat Angle (Valve), deg ............... 45
Valve Seat Angle (Cylinder Head), deg ............... 45
Intake Valve Contact Seat Width, mm (in) ............... 1.50-2.10 (0.0591-0.0827)
Exhaust Valve Contact Seat Width, mm (in) ............... 1.50-2.10 (0.0591-0.0827)
Valve Spring Free Length, mm (in) ............... 47.50 (1.8701)
Camshaft Journal Diameter (Front), mm (in) ............... 46.910-46.930 (1.8468-1.8476)
Camshaft Journal Diameter (Center), mm (in) ............... 46.410-46.430 (1.8272-1.8279)
Camshaft Journal Diameter (Rear), mm (in) ............... 45.910-45.930 (1.8075-1.8083)
Camshaft Bearing Clearance, mm (in) ............... 0.070-0.140 (0.0028-0.0055)
Cam Lobe Height (Intake), mm (in) ............... 34.050-34.100 (1.3405-1.3425)
Cam Lobe Height (Exhaust), mm (in) ............... 34.400-34.450 (1.3543-1.3563)
Camshaft End Play, mm (in) ............... 0.050-0.200 (0.0020-0.0079)
Rocker Arm Shaft Outer Diameter, mm (in) ............... 14.950-14.970 (0.5886-0.5894)
Rocker Arm Bushing Inner Diameter, mm (in) ............... 15.000-15.020 (0.5906-0.5913)
Rocker Arm Bushing to Shaft Clearance, mm (in) ............... 0.030-0.070 (0.0012-0.0028)
Idler Gear Pin Bushing Inner Diameter, mm (in) ............... 40.000-40.025 (1.5748-1.5758)
Idler Gear Pin Outer Diameter, mm (in) ............... 39.950-39.975 (1.5728-1.5738)
Idler Gear Bushing Clearance, mm (in) ............... 0.025-0.075 (0.0010-0.0030)

Tightening Torques

Cylinder Head Bolts (Stage 1), Nm (lb-ft) ............... 30 (22)
Cylinder Head Bolts (Stage 2), Nm (lb-ft) ............... 70 (52)
Cylinder Head Bolts (Stage 3, Rotation), deg ............... 90 + 90
Main Bearing Cap Bolts, Nm (lb-ft) ............... 100 (74)
Connecting Rod Bearing Cap Bolts (Stage 1), Nm (lb-ft) ............... 30 (22)
Connecting Rod Bearing Cap Bolts (Stage 2), Nm (lb-ft) ............... 55 (41)
Flywheel Assembly Bolts, Nm (lb-ft) ............... 115 (85)
Crankshaft Pulley Center Hub Bolt, Nm (lb-ft) ............... 125 (92)
Camshaft Gear Drive Fastener, Nm (lb-ft) ............... 80 (59)
Idler Timing Gear Hub Bolt, Nm (lb-ft) ............... 45 (33)
Rocker Arm Shaft Bracket Fastener, Nm (lb-ft) ............... 35 (26)
Rocker Arm Adjusting Screw Locknut, Nm (lb-ft) ............... 18 (13)
Valve Rocker Mechanism Cover Bolt, Nm (lb-ft) ............... 12 (9)
Oil Pan Sump Bottom Drain Plug, Nm (lb-ft) ............... 35 (26)
Oil Pan Perimeter Base Mount Screws Bolt, Nm (lb-ft) ............... 12 (9)
Oil Pump Internal Assembly Fasteners, Nm (lb-ft) ............... 12 (9)
Oil Cooler Body Mounting Bracket Screws, Nm (lb-ft) ............... 25 (18)
Freshwater Circulation Pump Housing Bolts, Nm (lb-ft) ............... 12 (9)
Sea Water Impeller Pump Bracket Screws, Nm (lb-ft) ............... 22 (16)
Heat Exchanger Housing Frame Bolts, Nm (lb-ft) ............... 25 (18)
Exhaust Mixing Elbow Outlet Adapter Shell Nuts, Nm (lb-ft) ............... 25 (18)
Intake Manifold Air Channel Header Mount Fasteners, Nm (lb-ft) ............... 22 (16)
Turbocharger Exhaust Turbine Housing Entry Nuts, Nm (lb-ft) ............... 35 (26)
Turbocharger Oil Feed Delivery Tube Union Connector, Nm (lb-ft) ............... 20 (15)
Turbocharger Oil Return Drain Tube Flange Fasteners, Nm (lb-ft) ............... 12 (9)
Fuel Injection Pump Deck Housing Nuts, Nm (lb-ft) ............... 22 (16)
Fuel Injection Pump Gear Drive Hub Nut, Nm (lb-ft) ............... 65 (48)
Fuel Injector Assembly Gland Nut, Nm (lb-ft) ............... 65 (48)
Fuel Injector Nozzle Cap Shell Assembly, Nm (lb-ft) ............... 45 (33)
Fuel High-Pressure Delivery Line Union Nut, Nm (lb-ft) ............... 25 (18)
Fuel Low-Pressure Feed Banjo Bolt Fuel Unions, Nm (lb-ft) ............... 15 (11)
Fuel Return Leak-Off Rail Collector Line Union Nuts, Nm (lb-ft) ............... 22 (16)
Glow Plug Core Elements Screw, Nm (lb-ft) ............... 18 (13)
Glow Plug Top Wire Terminal Small Nuts, Nm (lb-ft) ............... 2 (1.5)
Oil Pressure Sensor Sender Switch, Nm (lb-ft) ............... 18 (13)
Coolant Temperature Sensor Sender Unit Switch, Nm (lb-ft) ............... 20 (15)
Starter Motor Mounting Shell Flange Bolts, Nm (lb-ft) ............... 45 (33)
Starter Motor Rear Support Brace Screw, Nm (lb-ft) ............... 22 (16)
Alternator Main Pivot Hinge Mounting Long Bolt, Nm (lb-ft) ............... 45 (33)
Alternator Tension Link Lock Adjuster Screw Bolt, Nm (lb-ft) ............... 22 (16)
Engine Rigid Mounting Bracket Base Bolts, Nm (lb-ft) ............... 65 (48)
Flywheel Housing Shell Base Fasteners, Nm (lb-ft) ............... 35 (26)
Rear Crankshaft Oil Seal Retainer Carrier Screws, Nm (lb-ft) ............... 12 (9)
Front Timing Gear Outer Case Housing Cover Screws, Nm (lb-ft) ............... 12 (9)
Freshwater Expansion Tank Mounting Strut Screws, Nm (lb-ft) ............... 12 (9)
Air Intake Silencer Assembly Bracket Support Screws, Nm (lb-ft) ............... 12 (9)
MS25 Transmission Output Coupling Flange Pinch Bolts, Nm (lb-ft) ............... 65 (48)
HS25A Transmission Top Inspection Cover Shell Bolts, Nm (lb-ft) ............... 25 (18)
Transmission to Flywheel Adapter Housing Shell Bolts, Nm (lb-ft) ............... 45 (33)

________________________________________________________________________________________

• Volvo Penta Engines Specs
  
• Volvo Penta D3-130 Specs
  
• Volvo Penta D3-150 Specs
  
• Volvo Penta D3-160 Specs
  
• Volvo Penta D4-300 Specs
  
• Volvo Penta D5A-TA Specs
  

______________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________