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Ford 2728T Engine

The Ford 2728T is a heavy-duty, 6-cylinder inline, 4-stroke diesel engine belonging to the Ford 2720 "Dover" industrial range, manufactured in Dagenham, UK. Extensively utilized in marine propulsion (frequently marinized by companies like Lehman Power and Sabre) as well as demanding industrial and agricultural applications, the engine is recognized for its high torque output, absolute mechanical simplicity, and rugged bottom end constructed with seven main bearings. The "T" designation signifies a turbocharged configuration, which in the 2728T variant is additionally paired with a water-cooled charge air cooler (intercooler) to maximize volumetric efficiency and sustain performance under sustained loads.

Valve Configuration: The engine utilizes a conventional overhead valve (OHV) configuration actuated by a single camshaft via pushrods and rocker assemblies. It features two valves per cylinder (one intake, one exhaust) with large diameter faces optimized to improve airflow. Bore: 105 mm (4.125 inches). Stroke: 115 mm (4.524 inches). Total Displacement: 5.95 Liters / 5950 cc (363 cubic inches). Maximum Power: 275 HP (205 kW) at 2,600 RPM. Compression Ratio: 14.7:1 for cruising/standard configurations (13.7:1 for specific high-output/racing applications).

Fuel System: The engine uses a direct injection (DI) combustion system featuring machined toroidal bowls in the piston crowns. Fuel delivery is handled by a mechanical, in-line injection pump featuring a dedicated pumping element for each individual cylinder. The assembly features high nozzle-opening pressures through 4-hole injectors for optimized atomization, alongside an integrated mechanical governor designed to maintain engine speeds against varying loads. The mechanical pump includes a built-in automatic excess fuel device and automatic timing retard functionality to assist with cold starting, complemented by a diaphragm-type mechanical lift pump with a manual priming lever.

A pressure-fed lubrication system is driven by a front-mounted oil pump situated behind the crankshaft pulley. The system includes a thick-walled parent bore block casting integrated with special piston jet oil cooling nozzles designed to spray oil directly onto the piston crowns for extended component life under high thermal load. Engine cooling utilizes a pump-assisted thermo-syphon system that forces coolant through the cylinder block jackets and cylinder head passages. In industrial configurations, a conventional engine-driven fan and radiator setup is used. For marine propulsion, the engine employs a dual-circuit closed freshwater configuration managed by a shell-and-tube type heat exchanger alongside a gear-driven, raw-water bronze pump. A high-level water-cooled exhaust manifold and water-cooled turbocharger/charge air intercooler housing isolate exhaust heat.

General Technical Data

Engine Specifications

Engine Model ............... Ford 2728T
Engine Series ............... Dover 2720 Range
Engine Type ............... 4-cycle inline 6-cylinder turbocharged intercooled diesel
Number of Cylinders ............... 6
Cylinder Arrangement ............... In-line, vertical
Engine Bore, in (mm) ............... 4.134 (105.0)
Engine Stroke, in (mm) ............... 4.528 (115.0)
Displacement, cu.in (L) ............... 362.8 (5.95)
Rated Engine Power, hp (kW) ............... 250-275 (186-205)
Rated Engine Speed, rpm ............... 2450-2600
Peak Torque, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 540 (726) at 2000 rpm
Idle Speed, rpm ............... 600-650
Maximum No-Load Speed, rpm ............... 2850-2900
Aspiration Type ............... Turbocharged and Aftercooled
Compression Ratio ............... 14.7:1
Firing Order ............... 1-5-3-6-2-4
Cylinder Block Material ............... Cast iron
Cylinder Head Material ............... Cast iron
Combustion System ............... Direct injection, toroidal cavity in piston crown
Rotation Direction ............... Counter-clockwise viewed from flywheel end
Cylinder Liners ............... Dry parent bore type
Number of Main Bearings ............... 7
Turbocharger Model ............... Holset H2A or Garrett T04
Lubrication System ............... Full pressure forced lubrication circuit
Oil Pump Type ............... Gear driven positive displacement rotary pump
Oil Filter Type ............... Full flow spin on disposable cartridge element
Cooling System ............... Liquid forced circulation centrifugal pump circuit
Water Pump Type ............... Belt driven centrifugal impeller type
Air Cleaner Type ............... Heavy duty dry element with safety element
Starting System ............... Electric starter motor
Electrical Voltage, V ............... 12 or 24
Alternator Output, A ............... 55-90

Fuel System

Fuel Injection Pump Type ............... Minimec mechanical inline rotary-governed
Governor Type ............... Mechanical centrifugal or hydraulic standard
Fuel Lift Pump Type ............... Mechanical diaphragm
Fuel Lift Pump Pressure, psi (bar) ............... 5.0-8.0 (0.34-0.55)
Fuel Injector Type ............... Multi-hole nozzle type
Number of Injector Spray Holes ............... 4
Injector Opening Pressure, psi (bar) ............... 2940-3088 (202.7-212.9)
Fuel Injection Timing, deg BTDC ............... 23-26
Fuel Filter Type ............... Dual spin-on elements with water separator
Maximum Fuel Return Flow, gal/hr (L/hr) ............... 15.8 (60.0)

Dimensions and Weight

Overall Length, in (mm) ............... 44.2 (1125)
Overall Width, in (mm) ............... 28.5 (725)
Overall Height, in (mm) ............... 36.8 (935)
Dry Weight, lbs (kg) ............... 1280 (581)
Wet Weight, lbs (kg) ............... 1365 (619)

Maintenance Data

Service Information

Compression Pressure, psi (bar) ............... 350-450 (24-31)
Oil Pressure at Low Idle, psi (bar) ............... 15.0 (1.03)
Oil Pressure at Rated Speed, psi (bar) ............... 40.0-55.0 (2.75-3.79)
Cooling System Pressure Cap, psi (bar) ............... 7.0-10.0 (0.48-0.69)
Maximum Allowable Oil Temperature, F (C) ............... 230 (110
Thermostat Opening Temperature, F (C) ............... 172 (78)
Thermostat Full Open Temperature, F (C) ............... 197 (92)
Maximum Coolant Temperature, F (C) ............... 205 (96)
Intake Valve Clearance, Cold, in (mm) ............... 0.015 (0.38)
Exhaust Valve Clearance, Cold, in (mm) ............... 0.018 (0.46)

Engine Oil and Coolant

Engine Oil Type .................. SAE 30, SAE 20W-20, SAE 15W-40
API Service Classifications ......................... CD or CE
Engine Oil Capacity, Level Base, qt (L) ............... 21.0 (19.9)
Engine Oil Capacity, Max Sump, qt (L) ............... 23.5 (22.2)
Engine Oil Capacity, Shallow Sump, qt (L) ............... 14.3 (13.6)
Engine Oil Filter Capacity, qt (L) ............... 1.5 (1.4)
Cooling System Fluid Capacity, qt (L) ............... 23.2 (22.0)

Service Intervals

Change oil and filter ............... Every 200 hours
Inspect air cleaner ............... Every 100 hours
Replace air cleaner ............... Every 1000 hours
Replace fuel filter ............... Every 400 hours
Valve clearance adjustment ............... Every 400 hours
Fuel system inspection ............... Every 800 hours
Change coolant ............... Every 1000 hours
Compression test ............... Every 600 hours
Belt inspection ............... Every service cycle

Service Specifications

Cylinder Bore Parent Diameter, in (mm) ............... 4.1338-4.1346 (105.000-105.020)
Cylinder Bore Max Service Limit, in (mm) ............... 4.1397 (105.150)
Cylinder Bore Out of Round, in (mm) ............... 0.0015 (0.038)
Cylinder Taper Wear Limit, in (mm) ............... 0.0020 (0.051)
Cylinder Head Deck Flatness Max Limit, in (mm) ............... 0.0030 (0.076)
Main Bearing Bore Diameter in Block, in (mm) ............... 3.1660-3.1670 (80.416-80.442)
Main Journal Diameter, in (mm) ............... 2.9992-3.0000 (76.180-76.200)
Main Journal Max Wear Limit, in (mm) ............... 2.9960 (76.100)
Main Bearing Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.0022-0.0042 (0.056-0.106)
Connecting Rod Journal Diameter, in (mm) ............... 2.4990-2.5000 (63.475-63.500)
Connecting Rod Journal Wear Limit, in (mm) ............... 2.4960 (63.400)
Connecting Rod Bearing Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.0018-0.0036 (0.046-0.091)
Connecting Rod Side Play, in (mm) ............... 0.0050-0.0110 (0.127-0.279)
Connecting Rod Small End Bushing I.D, in (mm) ............... 1.5006-1.5012 (38.115-38.130)
Crankshaft End Play, in (mm) ............... 0.0040-0.0110 (0.102-0.279)
Piston Skirt Diameter, in (mm) ............... 4.1295-4.1305 (104.890-104.915)
Piston to Cylinder Liner Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.0038-0.0048 (0.096-0.122)
Piston Pin Diameter, in (mm) ............... 1.4996-1.5000 (38.090-38.100)
Piston Pin Clearance in Piston Boss, in (mm) ............... 0.0002-0.0005 (0.005-0.013)
Top Ring Groove Width, in (mm) ............... 0.0957-0.0965 (2.430-2.450)
Second Ring Groove Width, in (mm) ............... 0.0945-0.0953 (2.400-2.420)
Oil Ring Groove Width, in (mm) ............... 0.1878-0.1886 (4.770-4.790)
Top Ring End Gap, in (mm) ............... 0.0140-0.0220 (0.355-0.558)
Second Ring End Gap, in (mm) ............... 0.0110-0.0190 (0.280-0.482)
Oil Ring End Gap, in (mm) ............... 0.0150-0.0250 (0.381-0.635)
Intake Valve Stem Diameter, in (mm) ............... 0.3725-0.3735 (9.462-9.487)
Exhaust Valve Stem Diameter, in (mm) ............... 0.3715-0.3725 (9.436-9.462)
Intake Valve Stem to Guide Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.0010-0.0035 (0.025-0.089)
Exhaust Valve Stem to Guide Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.0020-0.0045 (0.051-0.114)
Valve Guide Internal Diameter, in (mm) ............... 0.3745-0.3760 (9.512-9.550)
Valve Face Angle, deg ............... 45
Valve Seat Angle, deg ............... 45
Valve Spring Free Length, in (mm) ............... 1.950 (49.53)
Camshaft Bore Bushing I.D, in (mm) ............... 2.1260-2.1275 (54.000-54.038)
Camshaft Journal Diameter, in (mm) ............... 2.1235-2.1245 (53.937-53.962)
Camshaft Journal Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.0015-0.0040 (0.038-0.102)
Camshaft End Play, in (mm) ............... 0.0020-0.0070 (0.051-0.178)

Tightening Torques

Cylinder Head Bolts (1-Stage), lb-ft (Nm) ............... 50 (68)
Cylinder Head Bolts (2-Stage), lb-ft (Nm) ............... 85 (115)
Cylinder Head Bolts (3-Stage), lb-ft (Nm) ............... 115 (156)
Main Bearing Capscrews, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 135 (183)
Connecting Rod Bolts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 75 (102)
Flywheel Bolts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 110 (149)
Crankshaft Pulley Damper Bolt, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 240 (325)
Rocker Shaft Bracket Nut, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 35 (47)
Intake Manifold Fasteners, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 18 (24)
Exhaust Manifold Fasteners, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 22 (30)
Oil Pan Drain Plug, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 38 (52)
Oil Pan Mounting Perimeter Bolts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 15 (20)
Timing Gear Case Cover Bolts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 18 (24)
Camshaft Thrust Plate Bolt, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 18 (24)
Fuel Injector Clamp Bolt, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 15 (20)
Fuel Injection Pump Drive Gear Nut, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 45 (61)
Fuel Delivery Pipe Union Nuts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 18 (24)
Rocker Arm Cover Perimeter Screws, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 8 (11)
Water Pump Assembly Housing Bolts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 18 (24)
Thermostat Housing Assembly Cover Bolts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 15 (20)
Starter Motor Structural Flange Bolts, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 35 (47)
Alternator Pivot Lower Support Bolt, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 30 (41)

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