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International C135 Engine

The International Harvester C135 is a heavy-duty, inline 4-cylinder, carbureted gasoline engine. Known also in configurations adapted for Liquefied Petroleum (LP) gas, this power plant was widely utilized by International Harvester during the late 1950s through the 1970s across agricultural, industrial, and construction platforms. Notable applications include the Farmall 340 row-crop tractor, the 404 and 2404 tractors, the T-340 and T-5 crawler units, and various industrial equipment like windrowers and forklifts. Characterized by its robust cast-iron block design, the C135 engine is engineered for low-end torque performance and reliable field service under variable loads.

The engine employs a vertical L-head (side-valve) valve configuration actuated via a single camshaft. Total internal volume yields a displacement of 134.8 cubic inches (2.2 liters). This displacement is achieved via a cylinder bore of 3.25 inches (83 mm) combined with a piston stroke of 4.0625 inches (103 mm). The nominal static compression ratio is set at 7.4:1. Lubrication is managed via a full-pressure internal system driven by a positive-displacement internal oil pump. Thermal regulation is sustained through a heavy-duty, liquid-cooled setup utilizing an engine-driven water pump for continuous coolant circulation.

The fuel arrangement utilizes an updraft induction principle, matching an original equipment Zenith updraft carburetor to a gravity-fed or mechanical-pump-assisted fuel line. Fuel and air flow through a specialized intake manifold designed to distribute the mixture evenly across the inline ports. The assembly features an integrated manual or governor-linked throttle control system to automatically modulate engine speed under changing load conditions.

General Technical Data

Engine Specifications

Engine Model ............... International Harvester C135
Engine Type ............... 4-cycle inline 4-cylinder carbureted liquid-cooled gasoline/LPG
Number of Cylinders ............... 4
Cylinder Arrangement ............... In-line
Engine Bore, in (mm) ............... 3.25 (82.6)
Engine Stroke, in (mm) ............... 4.0625 (103.2)
Displacement, cu.in (L) ............... 134.8 (2.2)
Rated Engine Power, hp (kW) ............... 40-47 (29.8-35.0)
Rated Engine Speed, rpm ............... 2000-2400
Peak Torque ............... 129 lb-ft (174.9 Nm) at 1400 rpm
Idle Speed ............... 600-700 rpm
Operating Speed ............... 2000 rpm
High Idle Speed, rpm ............... 2200-2600
Low Idle Speed, rpm ............... 550-650
Compression Ratio ............... 7.4:1
Firing Order ............... 1-3-4-2
Cylinder Block Type ............... Cast iron dry-sleeved
Cylinder Head Type ............... Cast iron overhead valve
Lubrication System ............... Full-pressure forced feed
Oil Pump Type ............... Gear-driven trochoid
Oil Filter Type ............... Full-flow element replaceable cartridge
Cooling System ............... Forced liquid circulation forced thermostatic bypass
Water Pump Type ............... Belt-driven centrifugal impeller
Air Cleaner Type ............... Oil bath or dry cartridge dual element
Spark Plug Gap, in (mm) ............... 0.023-0.032 (0.58-0.81)
Breaker Point Gap, in (mm) ............... 0.020 (0.51)
Ignition Timing Position ............... TDC mark alignment static advance indicator
Starting System ............... Electric starter motor
Electrical System ............... 12V negative ground

Fuel System

Fuel Type ............... Gasoline or Liquefied Petroleum Gas
Carburetor Model ............... IH updraft single barrel configuration or Zenith option
Carburetor Venturi Size, in (mm) ............... 1.06 (26.9)
Fuel Delivery Method ............... Gravity feed or mechanical diaphragm pump
Fuel Pump Pressure, psi (kPa) ............... 3.5-4.5 (24.1-31.0)
Governor Type ............... Mechanical centrifugal flyball type variable speed control
Fuel Strainer Type ............... Sediment bowl assembly mesh screen screen element
Choke Type ............... Manual cable-controlled butterfly valve return spring helper
Air-to-Fuel Ratio Operating Range ............... 12.5:1-14.7:1
Manifold Type ............... Combination intake exhaust casting shared wall heat riser box
LPG Converter Model ............... Century or Marvel-Schebler low pressure secondary regulator
LPG Fuel Strainer ............... High pressure element integrated lockoff solenoid safety valve

Dimensions and Weight

Overall Length, in (mm) ............... 31.4 (795)
Overall Width, in (mm) ............... 19.8 (505)
Overall Height, in (mm) ............... 28.5 (725)
Dry Weight, lbs (kg) ............... 385 (175)
Wet Weight, lbs (kg) ............... 425 (195)

Maintenance Data

Service Information

Compression Pressure Baseline, psi (kPa) ............... 115-130 (792.9-896.3)
Maximum Variance Between Cylinders, psi (kPa) ............... 10 (68.9)
Engine Oil Pressure Operating, psi (kPa) ............... 30-45 (206.8-310.3)
Engine Oil Pressure Idle Minimum, psi (kPa) ............... 10 (68.9)
Cooling System Thermostat Opening, F (C) ............... 165-170 (73.9-76.7)
Cooling System Thermostat Full Open, F (C) ............... 190 (87.8)
Radiator Cap Pressure Rating, psi (kPa) ............... 4.0-7.0 (27.6-48.3)
Fan Belt Deflection Tension Range, in (mm) ............... 0.50-0.75 (12.7-19.1)
Intake Valve Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.014 (0.36)
Exhaust Valve Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.014 (0.36)

Engine Oil and Coolant

Engine Oil Type .................. SAE 30, SAE 10W, or 10W-30
API Service Classifications ......................... CC or CD
Crankcase Oil Capacity, qt (L) ............... 5.0 (4.7)
Crankcase Oil Capacity With Filter, qt (L) ............... 6.0 (5.7)
Cooling System Fluid Capacity, qt (L) ............... 11.0 (10.4)

Service Intervals

Change oil and filter ............... Every 100 hours
Inspect air filter ............... Every 50 hours
Valve clearance adjustment ............... Every 500 hours
Fuel system inspection ............... Every 1000 hours
Change coolant ............... Every 1000 hours
Spark plug replacement ............... Every 500 hours
Check distributor points ............... Every 500 hours

Service Specifications

Cylinder Sleeve Bore Wear Limit Std, in (mm) ............... 3.2515 (82.588)
Cylinder Sleeve Out-of-Round Max Limit, in (mm) ............... 0.002 (0.05)
Cylinder Sleeve Taper Max Allowable Length, in (mm) ............... 0.003 (0.08)
Piston to Cylinder Sleeve Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.003-0.0045 (0.08-0.11)
Intake Valve Overall Length, in (mm) ............... 5.28 (134.1)
Intake Valve Head Diameter, in (mm) ............... 1.50 (38.1)
Intake Valve Stem Diameter, in (mm) ............... 0.340 (8.6)
Exhaust Valve Overall Length, in (mm) ............... 5.30 (134.6)
Exhaust Valve Head Diameter, in (mm) ............... 1.31 (33.3)
Exhaust Valve Stem Diameter, in (mm) ............... 0.340 (8.6)
Top Ring Groove Side Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.002-0.004 (0.05-0.10)
Second Ring Groove Side Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.002-0.0035 (0.05-0.09)
Oil Ring Groove Side Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.0015-0.003 (0.04-0.08)
Top Ring End Gap, in (mm) ............... 0.010-0.020 (0.25-0.51)
Second Ring End Gap, in (mm) ............... 0.008-0.018 (0.20-0.46)

Tightening Torque Specs

Cylinder head bolts ............... 80-90 lb-ft (108-122 Nm)
Connecting rod cap bolts ............... 45-50 lb-ft (61-68 Nm)
Main bearing cap bolts ............... 75-85 lb-ft (102-115 Nm)
Flywheel bolts ............... 55-65 lb-ft (75-88 Nm)
Crankshaft pulley bolt ............... 100-110 lb-ft (136-149 Nm)
Rocker arm shaft bracket bolts ............... 25-30 lb-ft (34-41 Nm)
Intake manifold nuts ............... 25-30 lb-ft (34-41 Nm)
Exhaust manifold nuts ............... 25-30 lb-ft (34-41 Nm)
Spark plugs ............... 25-30 lb-ft (34-41 Nm)
Oil drain plug ............... 20-25 lb-ft (27-34 Nm)
Water pump mounting bolts ............... 15-20 lb-ft (20-27 Nm)
Governor mounting bolts ............... 25-30 lb-ft (34-41 Nm)

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