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International C157 Engine

The International Harvester C157 is a heavy-duty, 157 cubic-inch (2.6-liter) displacement, inline 4-cylinder gasoline/LP engine. Designed for industrial, agricultural, and construction equipment, it commonly powers machinery such as the International 2400 industrial tractors and the 100C Crawler-Loaders. It belongs to a modular engine family that shares structural and internal component similarities with the larger C175 and C200 power plants. Engineered for reliability under continuous high-load states, the block utilizes a rugged design emphasizing serviceability, featuring a flat cylinder head design matched to stepped-head pistons.

The cylinder head utilizes an overhead valve (OHV) configuration with two valves per cylinder (one intake, one exhaust) actuated by a block-mounted camshaft through mechanical lifters, pushrods, and rocker arm assemblies. The internal cylinder geometry features a 3.37-inch (85.7 mm) cylinder bore and a 4.39-inch (111.5 mm) piston stroke, giving it a long-stroke configuration built to favor steady, low-end torque output.

Fuel System: The induction system utilizes a naturally aspirated design drawing from an upstream single-barrel, down-draft carburetor engineered for industrial environments. The carburetor assembly integrates a mechanical, float-controlled needle-and-seat fuel inlet valve and an adjustable throttle body. Air filtration is handled through a heavy-duty multi-stage air cleaner assembly. Engine speed governing is tightly regulated under fluctuating loads via a mechanical flyweight governor linked directly to the main carburetor throttle plate shaft.

Engine lubrication is managed through a full-pressure, force-feed oiling circuit driven by a gear-type oil pump. Oil is drawn through a pickup screen in the crankcase oil pan and routed via primary internal oil galleries directly to the main journals, connecting rod bearings, camshaft bearings, and overhead rocker assemblies. The circuit is protected by a full-flow, spin-on replaceable oil filter element.

The thermal regulation circuit uses a liquid-forced circulation system. Coolant is actively circulated via a belt-driven centrifugal water pump through the engine block water jackets and cylinder head passages. Operating temperatures are maintained within optimal parameters by an inline bypass thermostat that controls flow directly through a heavy-duty cooling radiator.

General Technical Data

Engine Specifications

Engine Model ............... International Harvester C157
Engine Type ............... 4-cycle inline 4-cylinder carbureted liquid-cooled gasoline
Number of Cylinders ............... 4
Cylinder Arrangement ............... In-line
Engine Bore, in (mm) ............... 3.375 (85.725)
Engine Stroke, in (mm) ............... 4.390 (111.506)
Displacement, cu.in (L) ............... 157.0 (2.57)
Gross Engine Power, hp (kW) ............... 50.0 (37.3)
Net Engine Power, hp (kW) ............... 46.0 (34.3)
Rated Engine Speed, rpm ............... 2200
Maximum Idle Speed, rpm ............... 2425
Minimum Idle Speed, rpm ............... 700-750
Peak Torque, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 130.0 (176.3) at 1200 rpm
Compression Ratio ............... 7.5:1
Firing Order ............... 1-3-4-2
Cylinder Block Material ............... Cast iron
Cylinder Head Material ............... Cast iron
Crankshaft Material ............... Forged steel
Number of Main Bearings ............... 3
Lubrication System Type ............... Full-pressure feed
Oil Pump Type ............... Gear-driven positive displacement
Oil Filter Type ............... Full-flow spin-on canister
Cooling System Type ............... Liquid-cooled forced circulation
Water Pump Type ............... Belt-driven centrifugal
Air Cleaner Type ............... Dry dual-stage pleated paper element
Spark Plug Type ............... Champion D16 / AC C87
Spark Plug Gap, in (mm) ............... 0.025 (0.635)
Breaker Point Gap, in (mm) ............... 0.020 (0.508)
Ignition Timing at Rated Speed ............... 22 deg BTDC
Starting System Type ............... Electric starter motor
Electrical System Voltage, V ............... 12
Ground Polarity ............... Negative ground

Fuel System

Fuel Type ............... Gasoline / Liquefied Petroleum Gas option
Carburetor Manufacturer ............... Zenith / Marvel-Schebler
Carburetor Type ............... Updraft single-barrel fixed venturi
Fuel Delivery Type ............... Mechanical diaphragm pump
Fuel Pump Pressure, psi (kPa) ............... 4.0-6.0 (27.5-41.3)
Fuel Tank Capacity, gal (L) ............... 18.5 (70.0)
Main Jet Size, in (mm) ............... 0.052 (1.32)
Idle Jet Size, in (mm) ............... 0.028 (0.71)
Choke Bore Diameter, in (mm) ............... 1.25 (31.75)
Float Setting Level, in (mm) ............... 0.25 (6.35)
Venturi Diameter, in (mm) ............... 1.062 (26.97)
Throttle Bore Diameter, in (mm) ............... 1.375 (34.92)
Governor Type ............... Centrifugal mechanical flyweight
Fuel Filter Type ............... Mesh screen in sediment bowl and inline element
LP Gas Regulator Type ............... Two-stage converter vaporizer
LP Gas Fuel Lock-off Valve ............... 12V Electric solenoid
Air-Fuel Ratio at Rated Speed ............... 12.8:1-13.5:1
Idle Air Adjusting Screw Initial Setting ............... 1.25
Main Power Adjusting Screw Initial Setting ............... 2.50

Dimensions and Weight

Overall Length, in (mm) ............... 31.4 (795)
Overall Width, in (mm) ............... 22.8 (580)
Overall Height, in (mm) ............... 34.2 (870)
Dry Weight, lbs (kg) ............... 545 (245)

Maintenance Data

Service Information

Compression Pressure at Cranking Speed, psi (kPa) ............... 120-140 (827.3-965.2)
Minimum Allowed Oil Pressure at Hot Idle, psi (kPa) ............... 15.0 (103.4)
Normal Oil Pressure at Rated Speed, psi (kPa) ............... 35.0-55.0 (241.3-379.2)
Coolant Thermostat Opening Temperature, F (C) ............... 180 (82.2)
Coolant Thermostat Fully Open Temperature, F (C) ............... 202 (94.4)
Radiator Cap Pressure Rating, psi (kPa) ............... 7.0 (48.2)
Fan Belt Deflection under 10 lb load, in (mm) ............... 0.50 (12.7)
Intake Valve Clearance Cold, in (mm) ............... 0.014 (0.356)
Exhaust Valve Clearance Cold, in (mm) ............... 0.014 (0.356)

Engine Oil and Coolant

Engine Oil Type .................. SAE 30, SAE 10W, or 10W-30
API Service Classifications ......................... CC or CD
Engine Oil Capacity with Filter, qt (L) ............... 7.0 (6.6)
Engine Oil Capacity without Filter, qt (L) ............... 6.0 (5.7)
Coolant System Capacity, qt (L) ............... 11.5 (10.9)

Service Intervals

Change oil and filter ............... Every 100 hours
Inspect air filter ............... Every 50 hours
Valve clearance adjustment ............... Every 500 hours
Fuel system inspection ............... Every 1000 hours
Change coolant ............... Every 1000 hours
Spark plug replacement ............... Every 500 hours
Check ignition system ............... Every 500 hours

Service Specifications

Cylinder Bore Standard Diameter, in (mm) ............... 3.3750-3.3765 (85.725-85.763)
Cylinder Bore Maximum Out-of-Round, in (mm) ............... 0.0015 (0.0381)
Cylinder Head Flatness Limit over Full Length, in (mm) ............... 0.0040 (0.1016)
Crankshaft Front Main Journal Diameter, in (mm) ............... 2.6230-2.6240 (66.624-66.649)
Crankshaft Center Main Journal Diameter, in (mm) ............... 2.6230-2.6240 (66.624-66.649)
Crankshaft Rear Main Journal Diameter, in (mm) ............... 2.6230-2.6240 (66.624-66.649)
Main Bearing Bore Diameter to Crankcase, in (mm) ............... 2.8120-2.8130 (71.424-71.450)
Main Bearing Clearance (Standard), in (mm) ............... 0.0020-0.0040 (0.0508-0.1016)
Main Bearing Clearance (Wear Limit), in (mm) ............... 0.0055 (0.1397)
Connecting Rod Small End Bushing Inner Diameter, in (mm) ............... 1.0003-1.0007 (25.407-25.418)
Connecting Rod Big End Bore Diameter, in (mm) ............... 2.3745-2.3755 (60.312-60.337)
Connecting Rod Bearing Journal Diameter, in (mm) ............... 2.2480-2.2490 (57.099-57.124)
Connecting Rod Bearing Clearance (Standard), in (mm) ............... 0.0015-0.0035 (0.0381-0.0889)
Connecting Rod Bearing Clearance (Max Limit), in (mm) ............... 0.0050 (0.127)
Camshaft Front Journal Diameter, in (mm) ............... 1.9970-1.9980 (50.723-50.749)
Camshaft Center Journal Diameter, in (mm) ............... 1.9345-1.9355 (49.136-49.161)
Camshaft Rear Journal Diameter, in (mm) ............... 1.2470-1.2480 (31.673-31.699)
Camshaft End Play (Maximum Limit), in (mm) ............... 0.0100 (0.254)
Intake Cam Lobe Std, in (mm) ............... 0.2850 (7.239)
Exhaust Cam Lobe Std, in (mm) ............... 0.2850 (7.239)
Intake Valve Head Outer Diameter, in (mm) ............... 1.685-1.695 (42.799-43.053)
Exhaust Valve Head Outer Diameter, in (mm) ............... 1.435-1.445 (36.449-36.703)
Intake Valve Stem Diameter, in (mm) ............... 0.3410-0.3420 (8.661-8.686)
Exhaust Valve Stem Diameter, in (mm) ............... 0.3400-0.3410 (8.636-8.661)
Intake Valve Guide Inner Diameter, in (mm) ............... 0.3433-0.3443 (8.720-8.745)
Exhaust Valve Guide Inner Diameter, in (mm) ............... 0.3433-0.3443 (8.720-8.745)
Intake Valve Stem to Guide Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.0013-0.0033 (0.0330-0.0838)
Exhaust Valve Stem to Guide Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.0023-0.0043 (0.0584-0.1092)
Valve Spring Free Length, in (mm) ............... 2.125 (53.975)
Rocker Arm Shaft Outer Diameter, in (mm) ............... 0.7485-0.7495 (19.012-19.037)
Rocker Arm Bushing Inner Diameter, in (mm) ............... 0.7505-0.7515 (19.063-19.088)
Rocker Arm to Shaft Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.0010-0.0030 (0.0254-0.0762)
Piston Standard Skirt Diameter, in (mm) ............... 3.3725-3.3735 (85.661-85.687)
Piston to Cylinder Bore Clearance (Standard), in (mm) ............... 0.0020-0.0035 (0.0508-0.0889)
Piston to Cylinder Bore Clearance (Wear Limit), in (mm) ............... 0.0060 (0.1524)
Piston Pin Bore Diameter in Piston, in (mm) ............... 1.0001-1.0004 (25.402-25.410)
Piston Pin Standard Outer Diameter, in (mm) ............... 0.9998-1.0000 (25.395-25.400)
Piston Pin to Piston Bore Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.0001-0.0004 (0.0025-0.0102)
Top Ring Side Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.0020-0.0040 (0.0508-0.1016)
Second Ring Side Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.0015-0.0035 (0.0381-0.0889)
Oil Ring Side Clearance, in (mm) ............... 0.0015-0.0035 (0.0381-0.0889)
Top Ring End Gap, in (mm) ............... 0.0100-0.0200 (0.254-0.508)
Second Ring End Gap, in (mm) ............... 0.0100-0.0200 (0.254-0.508)
Oil Ring End Gap, in (mm) ............... 0.0150-0.0300 (0.381-0.762)

Tightening Torque Specs

Cylinder Head Bolt (1-Stage), lb-ft (Nm) ............... 35.0 (47.5)
Cylinder Head Bolt (2-Stage), lb-ft (Nm) ............... 55.0 (74.6)
Cylinder Head Bolt (Final Stage), lb-ft (Nm) ............... 70.0 (94.9)
Connecting Rod Cap Nut, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 25.0 (33.9)
Connecting Rod Cap Nut, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 45.0 (61.0)
Main Bearing Cap Bolt, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 45.0 (61.0)
Main Bearing Cap Bolt, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 95.0 (128.8)
Flywheel to Crankshaft Bolt, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 65.0 (88.1)
Flywheel Housing to Cylinder Block Bolt, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 35.0 (47.5)
Crankshaft Pulley Vibration Damper Bolt, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 110.0 (149.1)
Camshaft Thrust Plate Retaining Screw, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 18.0 (24.4)
Camshaft Timing Gear Center Hub Bolt, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 55.0 (74.6)
Rocker Arm Shaft Support Bracket Bolt, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 25.0 (33.9)
Valve Cover Retaining Acorn Nut, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 8.0 (10.8)
Intake and Exhaust Manifold Core Stud Nut, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 30.0 (40.7)
Oil Pan Oil Sump Retaining Perimeter Bolt, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 14.0 (19.0)
Oil Pan Crankcase Drain Plug, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 35.0 (47.5)
Oil Pump Assembly Retaining IBolt, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 22.0 (29.8)
Oil Pump Cover Plate Screws, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 9.0 (12.2)
Water Pump Body Housing to Block Bolt, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 18.0 (24.4)
Water Pump Pulley Retaining Drive Nut, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 40.0 (54.2)
Thermostat Housing Cover Retaining Bolt, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 18.0 (24.4)
Spark Plug, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 28.0 (38.0)
Distributor Base Hold-down Clamp Screw, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 12.0 (16.3)
Starter Motor Mounting Flange Heavy Bolt, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 45.0 (61.0)
Alternator Mounting Bracket Primary Pivot Bolt, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 35.0 (47.5)
Alternator Belt Tension Adjustment Link Screw, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 18.0 (24.4)
Governor Housing Body Assembly Retaining Screw, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 15.0 (20.3)
Governor Weight Assembly Retaining Drive Nut, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 30.0 (40.7)
Fuel Pump Mounting Flange Hex Nut, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 15.0 (20.3)
Carburetor Fuel Intake Mounting Flange Stud Nut, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 18.0 (24.4)
Front Crankcase Timing Gear Cover Seal Housing Bolt, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 14.0 (19.0)
Rear Crankshaft Oil Seal Retainer Retaining Screw, lb-ft (Nm) ............... 11.0 (14.9)

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